| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Gypsoside targets multiple cellular pathways. In SW-480 colon cancer cells, it causes cell membrane integrity damage, decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), induces DNA fragmentation, and initiates apoptotic response. ROS generation plays an important role in gypsoside-induced cell death. It also induces microfilament network collapse and injures cell shape and migration ability. In neuroprotection studies, gypsoside attenuates Aβ-induced microglial activation, decreases M1 state markers including iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increases M2 state markers including Arg-1, IL-10, BDNF, and GDNF.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, gypsoside inhibits SW-480 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It exerts different alternative cytotoxicity in cancer cells and normal cells, suggesting potential usefulness as a cancer preventive or treatment agent. Gypsoside causes cell membrane integrity damage, decreases Δψm, induces DNA fragmentation, and initiates apoptotic response in SW-480 cells. ROS generation plays an important role in gypsoside-induced cell death. It also induces microfilament network collapse and injures cell shape and migration ability. Gypenoside induces neuroprotection against Aβ in vitro by attenuating microglial activation and shifting microglia from M1 to M2 state.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, gypsoside has been known for its wide beneficial effects for treating hepatitis, hyperlipoproteinemia, and cardiovascular disease. It demonstrates hepatoprotective effects, with a derivative showing protective effects against chemically induced liver injury in isolated rat hepatocytes. The compound exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects in various experimental models. Its anti-thrombotic and anticancer actions have also been documented. However, specific detailed in vivo protocols are not extensively available.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Typical in vitro assays for gypsoside involve cell proliferation assays using SW-480 colon cancer cells. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with various concentrations (0, 70, 100, and 130 µg/ml) for 24 and 48 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or similar assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by measuring DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and ROS generation. For neuroprotection studies, microglial activation markers are measured by ELISA or Western blot.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for gypsoside typically involve SW-480 cells or microglial cells. SW-480 cells are treated with the compound at concentrations ranging from 0-130 µg/ml for 24-48 hours. Cell membrane integrity, Δψm, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic response are assessed. ROS levels are measured using fluorescent probes. For neuroprotection, microglial cells are treated with Aβ and gypsoside, and M1/M2 state markers including iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Arg-1, IL-10, BDNF, and GDNF are measured.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for gypsoside are not extensively detailed in the available literature. For hepatoprotective studies, isolated rat hepatocytes have been used to assess protective effects against chemically induced liver injury. For cardiovascular disease research, animal models of hyperlipoproteinemia and hepatitis have been employed. However, specific protocols including dosing regimens and endpoints are not detailed in the consulted sources. Further studies are needed to characterize its in vivo efficacy.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for gypsoside are limited. As a large, polar triterpene saponin with a molecular weight of 1791.83 g/mol, it would be expected to have poor oral bioavailability due to its size and hydrophilicity. It is soluble in DMSO (100 mg/mL, 55.8 mM) but insoluble in water and ethanol. For oral administration, it can be formulated as a homogeneous suspension in CMC-Na at ≥5 mg/mL. Detailed ADME parameters are not available.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for gypsoside are limited. As a triterpene saponin, it may have hemolytic activity and could cause gastrointestinal irritation at high doses. However, the compound has been studied for its beneficial effects in treating hepatitis, hyperlipoproteinemia, and cardiovascular disease, suggesting it may be well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that gipsophila Gipsoside have been found in Gypsophila pacifica and Gypsophila paniculata, and relevant data are available for reference.
Gypsoside is a triterpene saponin from Gypsophila paniculata L. with anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. It has been studied for treating hepatitis, hyperlipoproteinemia, and cardiovascular disease. The compound induces apoptosis in cancer cells via ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction, and exerts neuroprotection by shifting microglia from M1 to M2 state. It is a research compound for studying cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. It is not approved for any clinical indication. |
| Molecular Formula |
C80H126O44
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1791.83
|
| Exact Mass |
1790.762
|
| CAS # |
15588-68-8
|
| PubChem CID |
167308
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.665
|
| LogP |
5.47
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
23
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
44
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
23
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
124
|
| Complexity |
3670
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C)OC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(CO3)O)O)OC4C(C(C(CO4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C56CCC(C)(C)CC6C7=CCC8C9(C)CCC(C(C)(C=O)C9CCC8(C)C7(C)CC5)OC%10C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O%10)OC%11C(C(C(C(CO)O%11)OC%12C(C(C(C(CO)O%12)O)O)O)O)O)OC%13C(C(C(CO%13)O)O)O)O)O)OC%14C(C(C(CO%14)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
VJDBQMHOQSSGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C80H126O44/c1-27-40(88)59(119-66-48(96)42(90)32(85)23-108-66)54(102)71(111-27)116-56-28(2)112-73(61(52(56)100)121-68-53(101)57(34(87)25-110-68)117-65-47(95)41(89)31(84)22-107-65)124-74(106)80-17-15-75(3,4)19-30(80)29-9-10-38-76(5)13-12-39(77(6,26-83)37(76)11-14-79(38,8)78(29,7)16-18-80)115-72-55(103)60(120-67-49(97)43(91)33(86)24-109-67)62(63(123-72)64(104)105)122-70-51(99)46(94)58(36(21-82)114-70)118-69-50(98)45(93)44(92)35(20-81)113-69/h9,26-28,30-63,65-73,81-82,84-103H,10-25H2,1-8H3,(H,104,105)
|
| Chemical Name |
6-[[8a-[5-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5581 mL | 2.7904 mL | 5.5809 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1116 mL | 0.5581 mL | 1.1162 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0558 mL | 0.2790 mL | 0.5581 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
