| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Plasmin (serine protease). D-Val-Phe-Lys-CMK binds irreversibly to the catalytic site of plasmin by alkylating the active site histidine residue. This covalent modification permanently inactivates the enzyme. The sequence corresponds to the P1-P3 residues of the natural substrate of plasmin, ensuring selectivity.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
D-Val-Phe-Lys-CMK inhibits plasmin activity. At concentrations of 1-100 uM, it blocks plasmin‑mediated cleavage of chromogenic substrates (e.g., H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA) and fibrin degradation. It is also used to inhibit plasminogen‑staphylokinase complexes. No IC50 value is reported in the search results.
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| ln Vivo |
The compound is not used in vivo due to potential toxicity of chloromethyl ketones. It is a research tool for ex vivo inhibition of plasmin in cell culture or plasma. It may be used in animal studies to locally inhibit plasmin activity, e.g., by injection into thrombus or wound site. Its in vivo half‑life is likely very short due to rapid hydrolysis and nonspecific alkylation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard plasmin inhibition assay: 10 microL of plasmin (0.1-1 U/mL) is mixed with increasing concentrations of D‑Val‑Phe‑Lys‑CMK (0.1 nM-100 microM) in 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) with 100 mM NaCl and 0.05% Tween 80. After preincubation at 25degC for 15 minutes, 50 microL of chromogenic substrate (e.g., S‑2251, 0.5 mM) is added. Absorbance at 405 nm is monitored for 30 minutes. IC50 is determined by plotting activity vs. inhibitor concentration. The irreversible nature is confirmed by dilution or dialysis experiments.
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| Cell Assay |
Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are used to study the role of plasmin in fibrinolysis. Cells are treated with D‑Val‑Phe‑Lys‑CMK (0.1-100 microM) for 30-60 minutes prior to adding plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The degradation of fibrin clots or matrix proteins is assessed by ELISA or gel zymography. Cell viability is assessed by LDH release. No cytotoxicity is reported at < 50 microM.
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| Animal Protocol |
D‑Val‑Phe‑Lys‑CMK is not recommended for systemic administration. For local application in an animal model, the compound (10-50 microM in PBS) can be injected directly into a pulmonary embolism or arterial thrombus in rats. After 30 minutes, thrombus resolution is assessed by histology. Alternatively, the compound is used ex vivo to treat blood samples prior to measuring fibrinolytic parameters. No dosing protocols are available due to toxicity concerns.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
D‑Val‑Phe‑Lys‑CMK is a reactive chloromethyl ketone that is rapidly hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions (half‑life minutes to hours). It is not orally bioavailable. Plasma protein binding is high. Systemic administration leads to rapid clearance and potential nonspecific alkylation of plasma proteins. No detailed PK parameters have been published.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Chloromethyl ketones are alkylating agents and can be toxic, causing cellular damage by nonspecific cysteine alkylation. D‑Val‑Phe‑Lys‑CMK should be handled as a potential irritant and mutagen. No LD50 data is available. For research use only; not for human or veterinary use. Appropriate safety precautions (gloves, fume hood) should be used.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Synonyms: D-Val-Phe-Lys chloromethyl ketone, valyl-phenylalanyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone. The sequence is {d-Val}-Phe-Lys-{CMK}. It inhibits the plasminogen‑staphylokinase complex. It is used as a research tool to study the role of plasmin in fibrinolysis, cell migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Not approved for clinical use. Molecular formula: C21H33ClN4O3; molecular weight: 424.96.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H33CLN4O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
424.96
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| Exact Mass |
424.224
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| CAS # |
75590-17-9
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| PubChem CID |
5491924
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.16g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
619.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
328.5ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.541
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| LogP |
3.75
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
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| Heavy Atom Count |
29
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| Complexity |
524
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
CC(C)C(C(=O)NC(=O)C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)CCl)N
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| InChi Key |
RGFUBDSAHDNATK-JENIJYKNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H33ClN4O3/c1-14(2)19(24)21(29)26-20(28)17(12-15-8-4-3-5-9-15)25-16(18(27)13-22)10-6-7-11-23/h3-5,8-9,14,16-17,19,25H,6-7,10-13,23-24H2,1-2H3,(H,26,28,29)/t16-,17-,19+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2-amino-N-[(2S)-2-[[(3S)-7-amino-1-chloro-2-oxoheptan-3-yl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]-3-methylbutanamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3532 mL | 11.7658 mL | 23.5316 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4706 mL | 2.3532 mL | 4.7063 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2353 mL | 1.1766 mL | 2.3532 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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