yingweiwo

Benzo[e]pyrene

Cat No.:V57782 Purity: ≥98%
Benzo[e]pyrene is found in fossil fuels and is a highly toxic member of the polyaromatic compound family.
Benzo[e]pyrene
Benzo[e]pyrene Chemical Structure CAS No.: 192-97-2
Product category: Others 12
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price
500mg
1g
Other Sizes
Official Supplier of:
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text
Alternate Text

 

  • Business Relationship with 5000+ Clients Globally
  • Major Universities, Research Institutions, Biotech & Pharma
  • Citations by Top Journals: Nature, Cell, Science, etc.
Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
Product Description
Benzo[e]pyrene is found in fossil fuels and is a highly toxic member of the polyaromatic compound family.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ADME/Pharmacokinetics
Metabolism / Metabolites
The 4,5-dihydrodiol is the major metabolite of benzo(e)pyrene, but the 9,10-dihydrodiol has also been detected as a minor product following incubation of benzo(e)pyrene with rat liver preparations. Glucuronic acid conjugates of 3-hydroxy-benzo(e)pyrene and of the 4,5-dihydrodiol have been reported in hamster embryo cells. The formation of the 4,5,9,10-tetraol and the 9,10,11,12-tetraol as well as unidentified phenols from the precursor 9,10-dihydrodiol have also been reported using hepatic microsomal preparations from various species including humans.
The potential biological activity of benzo(e)pyrene was investigated by a determination of the mutagenic activity of the polycyclic hydrocarbon and six of its derivatives in the absence and presence of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system. In the presence of hepatic microsomes from Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats or the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system purified to near homogeneity from these microsomes, benzo(e)pyrene, trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene (bay region dihydrodiol), and trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo(e)pyrene were metabolized to products which had little or no mutagenic activity toward strains TA 98 and TA 100 of Salmonella typhimurium. Under the same assay conditions, the products formed from trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene (K-region dihydrodiol) had modest mutagenic activity. In contrast with these results, 9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene was metabolically activated to potent mutagenic products which were 10- to 25-fold more active than the products formed from benzo(e)pyrene. The high intrinsic mutagenic activity of the chemically synthesized benzo ring tetrahydroepoxide of 9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene in both strains of bacteria and in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells suggested that the high mutagenicity of 9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene after metabolism was mediated by this bay region tetrahydroepoxide. Liver microsomal metabolites of several of the benzo(e)pyrene derivatives were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Incubation of 9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene with hepatic microsomes from untreated or Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats confirmed the metabolic formation of the benzo ring epoxide of 9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene and established the formation of several other metabolites. In contrast to these results, trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene was not metabolized to benzo ring diol epoxides but rather was converted to 4,5,9,10-tetrahydroxy-4,5,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(e)pyrene along with three phenolic derivatives of the dihydrodiol. Thus, lack of formation of a benzo ring epoxide provides a rationale for the inability of 9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene to be metabolically activated by rat liver enzymes to mutagenic products and may contribute to the low carcinogenic activity of benzo(e)pyrene in rodents.
The major organic solvent sol metabolite formed in extracellular medium after 24 hr of culture (hamster embryo cells) with B[e]P was K-region dihydrodiol 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[e]pyrene and small amt monohydroxybenzo[e]pyrenes.
The genotoxicity of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was determined with the alkaline version of the comet assay employing V79 lung fibroblasts of the Chinese hamster as target cells. These cells lack the enzymes necessary to convert PAHs to DNA-binding metabolites. ... 11 PAHs, i.e., benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benz[a]anthracene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, fluoranthene, anthanthrene, 11H-benzo[b]fluorene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and benzo[e]pyrene caused DNA strand breaks even without external metabolic activation, while naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and naphthacene were inactive. When the comet assay was performed in the dark or when yellow fluorescent lamps were used for illumination the DNA-damaging effect of the 11 PAHs disappeared. White fluorescent lamps exhibit emission maxima at 334.1, 365.0, 404.7, and 435.8 nm representing spectral lines of mercury. In the case of yellow fluorescent lamps these emissions were absent. Obviously, under standard laboratory illumination many PAHs are photo-activated, resulting in DNA-damaging species. This feature of PAHs should be taken into account when these compounds are employed for the initiation of skin cancer. ...
PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (L10)
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics
Toxicity Summary
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzo(e)pyrene (B(e)P) is a constituent of coal tar. It is used in experimental research. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: B(e)P is a toxic element in cigarette smoke. It is a toxicant to human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. It causes cell death and induces apoptosis by the involvement of multiple caspase pathways. Human microvascular endothelial cells exposed to B(e)P showed a decrease in cell viability. It induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa cells in the presence of an exogenous metabolic system. The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. ANIMAL STUDIES: It has been observed to cause violent uveitis when injected intraocularly in animal eyes. One study showed that B(e)P is a very weak tumor initiator, a weak complete carcinogen, a moderate tumor promoter, possibly a weak co-tumor-initiator when given with benzo(a)pyrene, and a potent anit-tumor-initiator when given with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. In another study, a group of 20 female mice received applications of a 0.1% solution of benzo(e)pyrene by skin painting for life. Of five animals that survived 13 months after the start of treatment, two had skin papillomas and three had carcinomas. In other experiment, 30 female mice received 100 ug benzo(e)pyrene by skin application for 30 weeks. At 30 weeks, 68% of the mice had papillomas (2.1 papillomas/mouse); and at 40 weeks, 24% of mice had carcinomas. Benzo(e)pyrene was mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of an exogenous metabolic system. It did not induce mitotic recombination in yeast. It did not induce mutations or sister chromatid exchange in cultured mammalian cells and was negative in assays for morphological transformation. In the one available report, it did not induce chromosomal aberrations in vitro. In the one available in-vivo study, it induced sister chromatid exchange, but not chromosomal aberrations in hamster bone marrow.
The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (L10, L23, A27, A32)
Interactions
... In this research, we studied the photoirradiation of isomeric methylbenzo[a]pyrene (MBaP) and methylbenzo[e]pyrene (MBeP) by UVA light in the presence of a lipid, methyl linoleate, and evaluated the potential of these compounds to induce lipid peroxidation. The compounds chosen for study included BaP, 3-MBaP, 4-MBaP, 6-MBaP, 7-MBaP, 10-MBaP, BeP, 4-MBeP, and 9-MBeP. The results indicate that upon photoirradiation by UVA at 7 and 21 J/sq cm, these compounds induced lipid peroxidation. The levels of the induced lipid peroxidation were similar among BaP and the isomeric MBaPs, and among the BeP and MBePs, with the BaP group higher than the BeP group. There was also a co-relation between the UV A light dose and the level of lipid peroxidation induced. Lipid peroxide formation was inhibited by NaN3 (singlet oxygen and free radical scavenger) and was enhanced by the presence of deuterium oxide (D2O) (extends singlet oxygen lifetime). These results suggest that photoirradiation of MBaPs and MBePs by UVA light generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce lipid peroxidation.
Benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P) inhibited 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) skin tumor-initiation in mice by 84%, whereas pyrene and fluoranthene inhibited DMBA initiation by 50 and 34%, respectively. ...
Benzo(e)pyrene, when administered to mice by skin application together with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or benzo(a)pyrene, resulted in fewer skin tumors than with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene alone and in more skin tumors than with benzo(a)pyrene alone.
Groups of 20 female Fischer 344 rats (aged unspecified) received implants of beeswax pellets containing either 1 mg benzo(a)pyrene, 0.5 mg benzo(a)pyrene, 1 mg benzo(e)pyrene (purity unspecified), 0.5 mg benzo(a)pyrene + 1 mg benzo(e)pyrene, or 1 mg benzo(a)pyrene + 1 mg benzo(e)pyrene in tracheas from isogenic donors transplanted subcutaneously in the retroscapular region (two tracheas/animal). All surviving animals were killed 28 months after the start of exposure. Benzo(e)pyrene did not induce tumors in tracheal explants, while 1 mg benzo(a)pyrene induced carcinomas in 65% of the grafts. Benzo(e)pyrene appeared to reduce the incidence of carcinomas from 65% (benzo(a)pyrene alone) to 40% (benzo(a)pyrene plus benzo(e)pyrene). However, the incidence of sarcoma in tracheal and peritracheal explants was enhanced two- to three-fold by benzo(e)pyrene given with benzo(a)pyrene compared with benzo(a)pyrene alone.
For more Interactions (Complete) data for BENZO(E)PYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
References

[1]. Fluorescence measurements of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(e)pyrene in water. Anal Chem. 1976 Mar;48(3):524-8.

Additional Infomation
Benzo[e]pyrene appears as colorless crystals or white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)
Benzo[e]pyrene is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC. It has a role as a mutagen and a carcinogenic agent.
Benzo[e]pyrene has been reported in Nicotiana tabacum with data available.
Benzo[e]pyrene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (L10)
Mechanism of Action
... Previous studies from /the author's/ laboratory reported that benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) influenced efflux transport of rhodamine 123 (Rho-123) by induction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells. The present study investigated whether induction of P-gp and the enhanced efflux transport of Rho-123 were caused by benzo(e)pyrene (Bep), which has a structure similar to Bap, but is not a carcinogenic compound. In Caco-2 monolayer exposed to 50 uM Bep for 72 hr, the ratio of the apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)) of Rho-123 efflux increased significantly compared to that of the control monolayer. Similarly, a significant increase in expression of MDR1 mRNA and of P-gp at the protein level were detected by RT-PCR and by Western blot analysis, respectively, in Caco-2 cells exposed to Bep, compared to that of the control. Caco-2 cells exposed to Bep showed oxidative stress that was detected by fluorescence microscopy using aminophenyl fluorescein. However, the oxidative stress was weaker compared with that of Bap. The cellular GSH content was decreased to 80% or 59% of control cells, respectively, in Caco-2 cells exposed to either Bep or Bap. Our results further show that Bep or Bap-induced P-gp in Caco-2 cells might have been the result of oxidative stress rather than DNA damage.
The mechanism of the co-carcinogenic activity of benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) was investigated by determining the effects of benzo[e]pyrene on the binding of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) to DNA in Sencar mouse epidermis. The dose of benzo[a]pyrene used was 20 nmol/mouse a dose which is not carcinogenic in a single application but is carcinogenic after multiple treatments such as those in the benzo[a]pyrene-benzo[e]pyrene co-carcinogenesis experiments described by Van Duuren and Goldschmidt. After 3 hr of exposure to [(3)H]benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene at benzo[a]pyrene:benzo[e]pyrene dose ratios of 1:3 and 1:10, [(3)H]benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts in both benzo[e]pyrene-treated groups were lower than in an acetone-benzo[a]pyrene control group. After 12 and 24 hr of exposure the benzo[a]pyrene-benzo[e]pyrene (1:10) group contained 19% and 33% higher [(3)H]benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels than the control. In the benzo[a]pyrene-benzo[e]pyrene 11:3) group the amount of [(3)H]benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels was higher than the control after 12 hr. Benzo[e]pyrene cotreatment with either [(3)H]benzo[a]pyrene-7 8-dihydrodiol or anti-[(3)H]benzo[a]pyrene had no effect on the amount of benzo[a]pyrene DE-DNA adducts present. These results demonstrate that the cocarcinogen benzo[e]pyrene increases the amount of a low dose of benzo[a]pyrene that binds to mouse epidermal DNA and indicate that the increase in benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts results from increased metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene to the proximate carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-7 8-dihydrodiol.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C20H12
Molecular Weight
252.30900
Exact Mass
252.093
CAS #
192-97-2
PubChem CID
9128
Appearance
Prisms or plates from benzene
Pale yellow needles (from benzene or methanol)
Colorless crystals or white crystalline solid
Density
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point
467.5±12.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point
177-180ºC(lit.)
Flash Point
228.6±13.7 °C
Vapour Pressure
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction
1.887
LogP
6.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
0
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Heavy Atom Count
20
Complexity
336
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
SMILES
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=CC=CC4=C3C5=C(C=CC=C25)C=C4
InChi Key
TXVHTIQJNYSSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C20H12/c1-2-8-16-15(7-1)17-9-3-5-13-11-12-14-6-4-10-18(16)20(14)19(13)17/h1-12H
Chemical Name
benzo[e]pyrene
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
View More

Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
View More

Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.9634 mL 19.8169 mL 39.6338 mL
5 mM 0.7927 mL 3.9634 mL 7.9268 mL
10 mM 0.3963 mL 1.9817 mL 3.9634 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
  • Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
  • Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume
An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
/

Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
+
+
+

Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Contact Us