| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside targets β-galactosidase enzymes. It acts as a substrate for β-galactosidase, and its hydrolysis releases 4-nitrophenol, which can be measured spectrophotometrically. It is used to assess the activity of glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes and to study the kinetic properties of glycosidases.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside is used as a substrate for β-galactosidase. Upon cleavage by β-galactosidase, it releases 4-nitrophenol, yielding a yellow solution. It is used for the detection of coliforms due to their β-galactosidase activity. It is used in assays to study the activation or inhibition of β-galactosidase.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside is not used as a therapeutic agent. It is a research reagent. It is used in studies of lactose intolerance and galactosemia. No specific in vivo pharmacological activities are reported.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free enzyme assays for 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside: β-galactosidase is incubated with the substrate in appropriate buffer at 37°C for 10-30 minutes. The reaction is stopped with sodium carbonate, and absorbance is measured at 405 nm. One unit of β-galactosidase activity is defined based on the amount of substrate hydrolyzed per minute.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside: cells expressing β-galactosidase are cultured and treated with the substrate. The hydrolysis of the substrate by intracellular β-galactosidase releases 4-nitrophenol, which can be measured. This is used to study β-galactosidase activity in cells and to detect coliforms.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside: the compound is not administered to animals as a therapeutic agent. It is a research reagent. No specific pharmacological studies are reported.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside: as a small molecule, it is not intended for systemic administration. It is a substrate for enzymatic assays. No pharmacokinetics are applicable. Storage: powder at -20°C for up to 3 years.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside: as a substrate, it is generally considered safe at the concentrations used in assays. It is for research use only and not for human use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed.
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| References |
[1]. Simerská P, et al. Application of selectively acylated glycosides for the alpha-galactosidase-catalyzed synthesis of disaccharides. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2003;48(3):329-37.
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| Additional Infomation |
4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside is a β-D-galactopyranoside with a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at its terminal carbon atom. It can be used as an affinity marker. It is a β-D-galactoside and also a monosaccharide derivative.
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside is a research reagent used as a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase assays. It is used in drug discovery and disease research. No clinical applications have been reported. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H15NO8
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
301.25
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| Exact Mass |
301.079
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| CAS # |
3150-24-1
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| PubChem CID |
65115
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
582.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
180-184ºC
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| Flash Point |
305.9±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.648
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| LogP |
-0.55
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
21
|
| Complexity |
354
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
C1=C(C=CC(=C1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O2)O)O)O)[N+](=O)[O-]
|
| InChi Key |
IFBHRQDFSNCLOZ-YBXAARCKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H15NO8/c14-5-8-9(15)10(16)11(17)12(21-8)20-7-3-1-6(2-4-7)13(18)19/h1-4,8-12,14-17H,5H2/t8-,9+,10+,11-,12-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3195 mL | 16.5975 mL | 33.1950 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6639 mL | 3.3195 mL | 6.6390 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3320 mL | 1.6598 mL | 3.3195 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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