| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride targets reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory signaling pathways. It is an effective soybean lipoxygenase-1 inhibitor, which may be a mechanism for its health-promoting effects. It modulates inflammatory pathways involving TNF-α signaling and shows potential in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has strong antioxidant activity, scavenging reactive oxygen species and protecting cells from oxidative damage. It is an effective inhibitor of soybean lipoxygenase-1. It inhibits inflammatory pathways, particularly those involving TNF-α signaling. It demonstrates potential in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has demonstrated potential in mediating neuroprotection, regulating glucose metabolism, protecting cells from high glucose-induced injury, promoting glucose uptake, and increasing ATP production. It is being studied for its role in obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties suggest cardiovascular and metabolic health benefits.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride: antioxidant activity is measured using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP radical scavenging assays. Lipoxygenase-1 inhibition is assessed by measuring the enzyme's activity with a substrate (e.g., linoleic acid) and varying concentrations of the compound. The reaction is monitored spectrophotometrically, and IC50 values are calculated.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride: cells (e.g., macrophages, cancer cell lines) are cultured and treated with the compound at concentrations of 0.1-100 µM for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. ROS levels are measured using DCFH-DA. Anti-inflammatory activity is evaluated by measuring cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) via ELISA in LPS-stimulated cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride: animal models of obesity, diabetes, or neurodegenerative diseases would be used. Animals are administered the compound orally at doses of 10-50 mg/kg. Metabolic parameters (blood glucose, lipid profile), oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines are assessed. Neuroprotective effects are evaluated in models of neurodegeneration.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride: as an anthocyanin glycoside, it may have limited oral bioavailability due to extensive metabolism by intestinal microbiota and rapid elimination. Peak plasma concentrations are typically reached within 1-2 hours. It is metabolized to phenolic acids and glucuronide conjugates. Storage: powder at -20°C for up to 3 years.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity of Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride: as a dietary anthocyanin, it is generally considered safe at moderate doses. No significant toxicity has been reported. However, comprehensive toxicological data are limited. It is for research use only and not approved for clinical use. High doses may cause gastrointestinal effects.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Peonidin 3-O-galactoside is an anthocyanin glycoside.
Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride is a research compound with applications in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cancer research. It is studied for its role in metabolic health, neuroprotection, and as a nutraceutical for chronic disease prevention and healthy aging. No clinical trials or FDA approvals have been reported. It is available as a reference standard. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H23CLO11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
498.86
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| Exact Mass |
498.092
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| CAS # |
28148-89-2
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| PubChem CID |
91810512
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
638
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O4)O)O)O)[O-])O)O.Cl
|
| InChi Key |
VDTNZDSOEFSAIZ-HVOKISQTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22O11.ClH/c1-30-15-4-9(2-3-12(15)25)21-16(7-11-13(26)5-10(24)6-14(11)31-21)32-22-20(29)19(28)18(27)17(8-23)33-22;/h2-7,17-20,22-23,27-29H,8H2,1H3,(H2-,24,25,26);1H/t17-,18+,19+,20-,22-;/m1./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0046 mL | 10.0229 mL | 20.0457 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4009 mL | 2.0046 mL | 4.0091 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2005 mL | 1.0023 mL | 2.0046 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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