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| Targets |
This compound does not have a defined biological target. As a heavy (deuterated) alkali metal base, its mechanism of action is purely chemical and physical. It acts as a catalyst or reagent in chemical reactions. Its primary function is to serve as a source of deuterium ions (D+) and a strong base in laboratory synthesis and analytical chemistry.
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| ln Vitro |
Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Studies involving the human use of drugs labeled with deuterium suggest that these compounds may offer some advantages when compared with their nondeuterated counterparts. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs. Deutetrabenazine is the first deuterated drug to receive Food and Drug Administration approval. This deuterated form of the drug tetrabenazine is indicated for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease as well as tardive dyskinesia. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that a number of other deuterated compounds are being evaluated for the treatment of human diseases and not merely as research tools.
Potassium deuteroxide is not used for biological activity assays in vitro. Its value lies in its chemical properties. In NMR spectroscopy, it is used to shift exchangeable proton signals (e.g., -OH, -NH, -SH) by converting them to -OD, -ND, and -SD, respectively, which eliminates interfering signals from the solvent (D2O). In organic synthesis, it is used to perform base-catalyzed reactions in a deuterated environment. |
| ln Vivo |
Deuterated compounds may, in some cases, offer advantages over nondeuterated forms, often through alterations in clearance. Deuteration may also redirect metabolic pathways in directions that reduce toxicities. The approval of additional deuterated compounds may soon follow. Clinicians will need to be familiar with the dosing, efficacy, potential side effects, and unique metabolic profiles of these new entities.
The compound is not used in vivo for therapeutic purposes. It is a laboratory reagent for chemical and analytical research. It is not a drug candidate and is not administered to animals for therapeutic evaluation. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based experiments for potassium deuteroxide are primarily analytical. A standard protocol for its use in NMR: 1-2 drops of the solution are added to a sample dissolved in D2O. The mixture is shaken, and the NMR spectrum is acquired. The compound is prepared by dissolving metallic potassium (or potassium hydroxide) in deuterium oxide, resulting in a highly caustic solution. The concentration is typically 40 wt.% (i.e., 40 g of KOD per 100 g of solution). The isotopic purity is typically 98 atom% D.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays are not applicable for potassium deuteroxide. It is a highly corrosive, inorganic base that would instantly lyse cells and degrade biological materials. It is not used in cell culture.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are not conducted for this compound. It is a laboratory reagent, not a drug candidate. It is not administered to animals for therapeutic evaluation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data are not applicable for this compound. Potassium deuteroxide is a solid (potassium salt) dissolved in D2O. It is a highly concentrated base (40 wt.% in D2O), with an approximate molarity of 10-12 M. It is typically stored at room temperature, sealed to prevent absorption of atmospheric moisture (it is hygroscopic) and contamination with CO2. The density of the solution is approximately 1.5 g/mL.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Potassium deuteroxide is highly toxic and corrosive. GHS hazard classification: H314 (Causes severe skin burns and eye damage). It is a strong base that can cause severe chemical burns on contact with skin or eyes. Inhalation of the vapor or aerosol can cause severe respiratory tract burns. It is harmful if swallowed (H302). The solution is corrosive to metals (H290). Standard safety precautions apply: handle in a well-ventilated area (fume hood) with extreme caution, using full PPE (chemical‑resistant gloves, safety goggles, face shield, lab coat, and acid-resistant apron). Always add the solution to water, not the reverse, to avoid violent splashing.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Additional information: The compound has a molecular formula of KOD and a molecular weight of 57.11 g/mol (K = 39.10, O = 16.00, D = 2.01). The CAS number is 24572-01-8. It is also known as Potassium deuteroxide solution, Potassium hydroxide-d, and KOD. It is a clear to slightly hazy, colorless solution. It is used for research and industrial purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
DKO
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| Molecular Weight |
57.11
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| Exact Mass |
56.973
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| CAS # |
24572-01-8
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| PubChem CID |
3084427
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density: 1.596 g/cm3）
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
2
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| Complexity |
2
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H][O-].[K+]
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| InChi Key |
KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-DYCDLGHISA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/K.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1/i/hD
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| Synonyms |
potassium hydroxide-d
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 17.5101 mL | 87.5503 mL | 175.1007 mL | |
| 5 mM | 3.5020 mL | 17.5101 mL | 35.0201 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.7510 mL | 8.7550 mL | 17.5101 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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