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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
This compound targets metabolic pathways, specifically serving as a biomarker for peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Fatty acids that are very long (C22 and above) cannot be directly metabolized by mitochondria; they must first be shortened in peroxisomes. Tetracosanoyl-L-carnitine is formed by conjugating tetracosanoic acid (C24:0) to L-carnitine, a process that occurs when the peroxisomal pathway is impaired or overloaded. Elevated levels in biological fluids indicate a failure of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, making it a direct target for diagnostic assays. Unlike pharmacological drugs, it does not bind to a receptor or enzyme but is used to measure the activity of peroxisomal enzymes via its concentration.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, this compound is not used for biological activity assays (e.g., cell viability or proliferation), but as a reference standard. Its “activity” refers to its performance in analytical detection systems, typically LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). A standard curve is constructed using known amounts of the compound. Quality control samples with spiked levels of this standard are used to validate the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and accuracy of the MS method. For research, it is used to study the accumulation of VLCACs in patient fibroblasts or other cell models of peroxisomal disorders.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Tetracosanoyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is not a therapeutic agent but a diagnostic metabolite. Its in vivo significance is its concentration in blood, which reflects the functional state of peroxisomes. In animal models of peroxisomal disorders (e.g., Zellweger syndrome), blood levels are significantly elevated. It is measured following extraction from plasma or dried blood spots to diagnose these diseases or to evaluate the efficacy of potential gene therapies or drug treatments designed to restore peroxisomal function, where a decrease in its level indicates therapeutic benefit.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme or receptor binding assays, this compound is used as a substrate in assays measuring the activity of specific peroxisomal enzymes like very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. A general protocol: The compound is dissolved in methanol or in a solution of DMSO: Tween 80: Saline (10:5:85) to the desired concentration. It is then incubated with enzyme extracts (e.g., lysates from cells or tissues), ATP, and CoA. The resulting product, tetracosanoyl-CoA, is quantified by LC-MS/MS. The disappearance of the carnitine ester or the appearance of the CoA ester is measured. This helps in understanding the metabolic handling of the compound at the biochemical level.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, Tetracosanoyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is used as a treatment to model peroxisomal dysfunction. A typical protocol: Human fibroblasts or hepatocytes are seeded in 6-well plates. The compound is dissolved in DMSO and added to the culture medium (final concentration 10-100 uM, DMSO <0.1%) for 24-48 hours. It can also be used as a spike-in standard for cellular lipid extraction. After incubation, cells are harvested, and lipids are extracted. The cellular accumulation of this compound is measured by LC-MS/MS to assess the effects of drugs or genetic manipulations on peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Cell viability is monitored by MTT assay, though the compound is not typically toxic at diagnostic concentrations.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, this compound is not administered to animals for therapeutic studies but is used as a standard in diagnostic assays. For pharmacokinetic or distribution studies of acylcarnitines, the compound could be administered to rodents. A typical protocol: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=5/group) are given an IV or oral dose (e.g., 1-10 mg/kg) dissolved in a suitable vehicle (e.g., 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline). Blood is collected at multiple time points. The compound is extracted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine its own PK profile. However, it is most commonly used as a calibrator to quantify endogenous levels in untreated animals.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetics: As an endogenous metabolite and diagnostic biomarker, its own exogenous PK is less relevant than its diagnostic threshold. If administered, it is highly lipid-soluble and will distribute to tissues with high lipid content. It is expected to have a very long plasma half-life (t½ possibly >10 hours) due to strong protein binding (primarily to albumin) and slow metabolism by peroxisomal enzymes. It is not a drug and does not have a defined bioavailability. Metabolism involves hydrolysis to free carnitine and tetracosanoic acid, which then requires peroxisomal beta-oxidation. In patients with peroxisomal dysfunction, clearance would be severely impaired, leading to accumulation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity: This compound is a lipid standard and a diagnostic biomarker, not a therapeutic drug. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine, its toxicity at very high concentrations (not encountered in normal use) would likely be related to disruption of mitochondrial membrane function or induction of oxidative stress. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling lipid standards apply: avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin/eye contact. Use PPE (lab coat, gloves, safety goggles). Waste disposal: follow local regulations for chemical waste. Not for human therapeutic use. It is intended for lab use only. Storage: Powder: -20degC for 3 years; In solvent: -80degC for 6 months.
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| Additional Infomation |
Other information: Tetracosanoyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is also known as 24:0 Carnitine and Lignoceroylcarnitine. CAS: 64452-96-6. Molecular formula: C31H62ClNO4; Molecular weight: 548.28. Appearance: White to off-white solid powder. Solubility: may dissolve in DMSO. Shipping: room temperature; stable for a few days during shipping. For research use only-not for human use. Pathway: Lipid Metabolism. Used as a lipid standard and clinical diagnostic tool for Zellweger syndrome and other peroxisomal diseases.
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| Molecular Formula |
C31H62CLNO4
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| Molecular Weight |
548.28
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| Related CAS # |
Tetracosanoyl-L-carnitine
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8239 mL | 9.1194 mL | 18.2389 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3648 mL | 1.8239 mL | 3.6478 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1824 mL | 0.9119 mL | 1.8239 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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