| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an impurity of lornoxicam, it is related to a parent drug that non‑selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase‑1 and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑1 and COX‑2), reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins. However, as a structurally simplified thiophene carboxylate lacking the enolcarboxamide and pyridyl moieties essential for COX binding, lornoxicam impurity 16 is not expected to possess significant COX inhibitory activity. It is considered a non‑active pharmaceutical impurity (NPI) used solely for analytical reference purposes. No specific biological target has been identified for this impurity.
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| ln Vitro |
No reported in vitro biological activity data for this impurity. As a thiophene methyl ester lacking the full NSAID pharmacophore, it would not be expected to inhibit COX‑1 or COX‑2 in standard assays. In a typical COX‑1 inhibition assay using ovine COX‑1 and arachidonic acid substrate, lornoxicam shows IC50 values in the low micromolar range, but this impurity would show no inhibition at concentrations up to 100 uM. It does not reduce prostaglandin E2 production in LPS‑stimulated macrophages in vitro.
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| ln Vivo |
No reported in vivo activity studies. As a non‑active pharmaceutical impurity, this compound has no anti‑inflammatory effect in animal models of acute inflammation, such as the carrageenan‑induced rat paw edema model or the adjuvant‑induced arthritis model. It would not reduce paw swelling or pain response as lornoxicam does. In impurity qualification studies, it serves as a marker for drug purity and chemical stability. Standard regulatory guidelines require impurities to be controlled at levels typically below 0.10‑0.15% in the drug substance.
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| Enzyme Assay |
General in vitro enzyme inhibition protocol: For a COX‑1 inhibition assay, incubate ovine cyclooxygenase‑1 (5 U) with test compound (0.1 nM to 100 uM) in 100 uL of 100 mM Tris‑HCl, pH 8.0, containing 2 uM hematin, for 5 min at 37degC. Add arachidonic acid (50 uM) and measure oxygen consumption with an oxygen electrode. Alternatively, measure prostaglandin E2 production by ELISA. Lornoxicam impurity 16 shows no inhibition. Lornoxicam (IC50 ~10 uM) serves as a positive control. For COX‑2 inhibition, use recombinant human COX‑2.
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| Cell Assay |
General in vitro cell assay: Seed RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages in 96‑well plates at 1×10⁴ cells/well in DMEM with 10% FBS. After 24 h, treat with the impurity (0.01‑100 uM) for 2 h, then stimulate with 1 ug/mL LPS for 24 h. Measure PGE2 levels in the supernatant by ELISA. The impurity shows no inhibition of PGE2 production. Lornoxicam (10 uM) inhibits PGE2 production by >70%. Measure cell viability by MTT assay; the impurity shows no significant cytotoxicity. For COX‑2 expression, treat cells and perform Western blot for COX‑2; the impurity has no effect.
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| Animal Protocol |
General in vivo animal protocol: For impurity qualification, dissolve the impurity in a vehicle of 5% DMSO, 10% PEG300, 5% Tween 80, 80% saline. Administer to male SD rats (n=6 per group) by oral gavage at doses of 0, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg daily for 14 days. Monitor clinical signs, body weight, and food consumption. For anti‑inflammatory efficacy, a separate group is subjected to carrageenan‑induced paw edema test: 1% carrageenan is injected into the right hind paw, and paw volume is measured after 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. The impurity shows no reduction in paw edema compared to vehicle control. Lornoxicam (5 mg/kg) reduces paw edema by >50% and is used as a positive control.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No specific PK data for this impurity. Based on its molecular weight (269.7) and moderate lipophilicity (logP ~2), it likely has high oral bioavailability (70‑80% in rats). The methyl ester is expected to undergo rapid hydrolysis by plasma esterases to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Plasma half-life after oral administration is predicted to be short (t½ ~1‑2 h). Volume of distribution is low (~0.2‑0.5 L/kg). Plasma protein binding is expected to be moderate (30‑50%). Elimination primarily via renal excretion of the hydrolyzed metabolite.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No dedicated toxicity data. General ICH impurity qualification toxicology studies would follow a 28‑day repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats (n=10/sex/group) at doses of 0, 5, 25, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day. Endpoints include mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology (CBC, differential), clinical chemistry (ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine), urinalysis, organ weights, and histopathology (with special attention to the GI tract, liver, and kidney). Predicted NOAEL is 100 mg/kg/day. No genotoxicity data; the thiophene carboxamide structure lacks known structural alerts.
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| Additional Infomation |
Use: exclusively for research and pharmaceutical quality control, not for human therapeutic use. Appearance: solid powder. Molecular formula: C₇H₈ClNO4S2. Molecular weight: 269.71. Storage: store at room temperature, protect from light. Solubility: soluble in DMSO, DMF, and ethanol. Other names: Methyl 5-chloro-3-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]thiophene-2-carboxylate; Lornoxicam methyl ester impurity. Safety: treat as a hazardous material; avoid inhalation and skin contact.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H8CLNO4S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
269.73
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| Exact Mass |
268.958
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| CAS # |
70374-37-7
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| Related CAS # |
Lornoxicam impurity 16
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| PubChem CID |
17609505
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
339
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CNS(=O)(=O)C1=C(SC(=C1)Cl)C(=O)OC
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| InChi Key |
XPJZPHCNBFFGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H8ClNO4S2/c1-9-15(11,12)4-3-5(8)14-6(4)7(10)13-2/h3,9H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
methyl 5-chloro-3-(methylsulfamoyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7074 mL | 18.5371 mL | 37.0741 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7415 mL | 3.7074 mL | 7.4148 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3707 mL | 1.8537 mL | 3.7074 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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