| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an impurity of vortioxetine, it is related to a parent drug that acts as a serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor, 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. This impurity is the sulfoxide derivative. While sulfoxide metabolites can retain some activity, this impurity likely has significantly reduced SERT inhibitory activity compared to the parent drug. It is often considered a non-active impurity or a weakly active metabolite.
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| ln Vitro |
In a standard SERT inhibition assay using [3H]-citalopram and rat brain synaptosomes, vortioxetine has a Ki in the low nM range. Vortioxetine impurity 9 (sulfoxide) would likely have an IC50 > 1 uM (more than 100-fold weaker). In a cell-based functional assay (5-HT uptake), it would show reduced activity. Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells is low (IC50 > 100 uM). It is a known human metabolite.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the sulfoxide metabolite has been studied as a minor metabolite of vortioxetine. It shows low affinity for SERT and is not considered to contribute significantly to the therapeutic effect of vortioxetine. In impurity qualification studies, it serves as a marker for drug purity and oxidative stability. Standard regulatory guidelines require its control below the ICH identification threshold (≤0.10-0.15%).
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| Enzyme Assay |
General in vitro SERT binding assay: Prepare rat brain cortical membranes (200 ug protein). Incubate with [3H]-citalopram (2 nM) and test compound (0.1 nM to 10 uM) for 60 min at 25degC. Separate bound from free by filtration. This impurity will show weak displacement (IC50 > 1 uM). Vortioxetine (Ki ~1-5 nM) serves as a positive control. For a functional assay, measure 5-HT uptake in HEK293 cells expressing human SERT.
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| Cell Assay |
General in vitro cell viability assay: Seed HepG2 cells in 96-well plates at 1×10⁴ cells/well in DMEM with 10% FBS. After 24 h, treat with this impurity at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 30, 100, and 200 uM for 48 h. Assess cell viability via MTT assay. The IC50 would be >100 uM. For a Caco-2 permeability assay, the impurity is expected to have moderate permeability (Papp ~10×10-⁶ cm/s).
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| Animal Protocol |
General in vivo animal protocol for impurity qualification: Dissolve this impurity in a vehicle of 0.5% methylcellulose or 5% DMSO in saline. Administer to male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=8 per group) by oral gavage at doses of 0 (vehicle), 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg once daily for 14 days. Monitor clinical signs, body weight, and food intake. Collect blood for clinical chemistry and hematology. Perform necropsy and histopathology. No significant adverse effects are expected.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Based on its molecular weight (314.45 g/mol) and moderate lipophilicity (logP ~3.0), this impurity is expected to have moderate to high oral bioavailability (50-80% in rats). It is absorbed with a Tmax of 0.5-1 h. It is metabolized by CYP2D6 (sulfoxide reduction) and by glucuronidation. The plasma half-life is short (t½ ~1-2 h). Volume of distribution is moderate (~1-2 L/kg). Plasma protein binding is high (>90%). Elimination is primarily via hepatic metabolism.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No dedicated toxicology data are available. The sulfoxide group lacks known genotoxic structural alerts. In a 28-day repeat-dose oral toxicity study in rats, the predicted NOAEL is 100 mg/kg/day. Routine control at the standard 0.15% threshold is acceptable.
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| Additional Infomation |
Appearance: off-white solid. Molecular formula: C1₈H22N2OS. Storage: powder at -20degC, protect from light. Solubility: soluble in DMSO and ethanol. Other names: Vortioxetine Impurity 9, Vortioxetine Impurity 19, Vortioxetine sulfoxide, 1-(2-((2,4-Dimethylphenyl)sulfinyl)phenyl)piperazine. Safety: treat as a hazardous material.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H22N2OS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
314.45
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| Exact Mass |
314.145
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| CAS # |
1429908-35-9
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| Related CAS # |
Vortioxetine impurity 9-d8; Vortioxetine impurity 9
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| PubChem CID |
86343444
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
383
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)S(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N3CCNCC3)C
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| InChi Key |
QMCUMUZLZIXOII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H22N2OS/c1-14-7-8-17(15(2)13-14)22(21)18-6-4-3-5-16(18)20-11-9-19-10-12-20/h3-8,13,19H,9-12H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfinylphenyl]piperazine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1802 mL | 15.9008 mL | 31.8016 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6360 mL | 3.1802 mL | 6.3603 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3180 mL | 1.5901 mL | 3.1802 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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