| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a biological macromolecule, Rat Serum Albumin does not bind to a specific receptor to exert a pharmacological effect. Its primary role is physiological, maintaining oncotic pressure within the vascular compartment. However, it functions as a non-specific, high-capacity binding protein. By reversibly binding to a vast array of endogenous and exogenous compounds, it effectively acts as a transport vehicle for fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin, metal ions (Ca2+, Na+, K+), and a wide range of drugs. As a research tool, it is used as a "target" to study these passive, non-specific binding interactions, the results of which are vital for understanding drug distribution and pharmacokinetics. Its single tryptophan residue also makes it useful in fluorescence spectroscopy studies.
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| ln Vitro |
Rat serum albumin's in vitro activity is not defined by catalytic or cell-signaling effects but by its ligand-binding capacity. This is measured in plasma protein binding assays. Using methods such as equilibrium dialysis or ultrafiltration, the degree of binding of a test drug to RSA can be quantified. In cell culture, RSA is used as an inert protein supplement at concentrations of 0.1-5.0% (w/v). It is not intended to cause cell activation or death. When used as a blocking agent in ELISA, it reduces non-specific binding, thus increasing the assay's signal-to-noise ratio, and has no effect on cell viability or function.
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| ln Vivo |
Rat serum albumin itself does not have a therapeutic effect in vivo. As a reference standard and ex vivo analytical tool, it is not administered to elicit a biological response. In a research setting, if intravenously administered to rats, RSA would serve as a homologous plasma expander, transiently increasing plasma oncotic pressure, but it is not used for this purpose in standard research. It is instead used to prepare calibration curves for the quantification of total protein in rat serum samples, for instance in toxicology studies, where it serves as the standard for a Bradford or BCA protein assay.
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| Enzyme Assay |
General in vitro protein binding assay (Equilibrium Dialysis): A Teflon dialysis cell with two chambers separated by a semi-permeable membrane (MWCO 10 kDa) is used. One chamber is filled with a solution of Rat Serum Albumin (5 uM in PBS), and the other with a known concentration of the test drug. After equilibrium at 37degC for 4-6 hours, samples from both chambers are analyzed (e.g., by HPLC-UV) to determine the free drug concentration. The bound drug fraction is calculated from the difference. The binding constant (Ka) is determined by nonlinear regression.
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| Cell Assay |
General in vitro cell culture and blocking assay: For an ELISA, a 96-well plate is coated with an antigen at 4degC overnight. The wells are then blocked by incubating with 200 uL of 1-5% Rat Serum Albumin (RSA) in PBS for 1 hour at 37degC. The plates are washed, and the primary antibody is added. After incubation and washing, the HRP-conjugated secondary antibody and substrate are added. The absorbance is read at 450 nm. RSA effectively blocks non-specific binding sites on the plastic, reducing background signal and thereby enhancing sensitivity compared to a BSA-blocked control.
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| Animal Protocol |
General in vivo protocol for protein quantification standard: For use as a standard in a rat plasma protein assay, Rat Serum Albumin is dissolved in PBS to prepare a standard curve (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/mL). A small volume (e.g., 10 uL) of each standard and of unknown plasma samples is added to a 96-well plate. BCA (bicinchoninic acid) reagent is added and incubated at 37degC for 30 minutes, and the absorbance at 562 nm is measured. The protein concentration of the unknown is determined by plotting against the standard curve prepared using RSA. This protocol is used to quantify total protein for normalization in downstream assays (e.g., Western blotting, ELISA).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a purified endogenous protein, the pharmacokinetics of Rat Serum Albumin are well-defined. When intravenously administered to rats, it has a very long plasma half-life (approximately 5-7 days) due to its large size (69 kDa) and protection from degradation by FcRn-mediated recycling. It has a low volume of distribution (approx. 0.1 L/kg), as it is largely confined to the vascular space. It is not typically administered orally or by other routes in a research context; when used, it is generally as an ex vivo standard. The protein is stable in serum for days and is not metabolized by the liver; instead, it is slowly degraded by systemic proteases or eliminated through minor proteolytic catabolism.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Rat Serum Albumin is a highly biocompatible protein and is considered non-toxic when handled as a standard laboratory reagent. As it is a natural constituent of rat plasma, it does not cause allergic reactions or other adverse effects when used in *in vitro* assays. In the rare event of *in vivo* administration, it is not expected to cause any toxicity beyond potential hypersensitivity. As a reference standard, it is not classified as a hazardous material. Standard laboratory safety protocols for handling biological materials, including the use of gloves and lab coats, are sufficient. It is not known to be genotoxic, and no specific toxicological concerns apply to its use as an analytical standard.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Rat Serum Albumin is a single polypeptide chain composed of approximately 585 amino acids and contains a single tryptophan residue, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and is used to probe conformational changes and ligand binding in biophysical studies. The protein is stable under a wide range of pH conditions and is soluble in water and PBS. As a reference standard, it is supplied as a white, lyophilized powder that can be reconstituted in water or buffer. Under physiological conditions, RSA has a net negative charge. Because it is a major plasma protein, its measurement is a common clinical chemistry test in veterinary medicine for assessing liver and kidney health. In research, the structure of RSA is highly homologous to human serum albumin (HSA) [1L6], making it a relevant model protein for pre-clinical studies in the rat model. However, as it is a purified blood product, it is considered a potential biohazard and should be handled with appropriate care. It is produced by collecting blood from healthy rats, separating the serum, and then isolating the albumin fraction through multi-step biochemical purification processes such as salt precipitation (e.g., ammonium sulfate), ion-exchange, and affinity chromatography.
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| Related CAS # |
BSA Standard Solution (5mg/mL)
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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