| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The parent compound, N-Palmitoyl Taurine, targets the TRPV1 channel (agonist) and GPR119 (agonist). The d4-labeled version has the same target profile but is not used for pharmacological studies; it is used exclusively as an internal standard for mass spectrometry.
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| ln Vitro |
Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Studies involving the human use of drugs labeled with deuterium suggest that these compounds may offer some advantages when compared with their nondeuterated counterparts. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs. Deutetrabenazine is the first deuterated drug to receive Food and Drug Administration approval. This deuterated form of the drug tetrabenazine is indicated for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease as well as tardive dyskinesia. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that a number of other deuterated compounds are being evaluated for the treatment of human diseases and not merely as research tools.
As an internal standard, it is inert and not used in activity assays. It has no IC₅0. In an MTT assay using HepG2 cells, the compound is non-toxic (IC₅0 >100 uM). It does not inhibit COX, LOX, or other enzymes. Its only "activity" is its ability to be detected by LC-MS/MS with a specific mass shift. |
| ln Vivo |
Deuterated compounds may, in some cases, offer advantages over nondeuterated forms, often through alterations in clearance. Deuteration may also redirect metabolic pathways in directions that reduce toxicities. The approval of additional deuterated compounds may soon follow. Clinicians will need to be familiar with the dosing, efficacy, potential side effects, and unique metabolic profiles of these new entities.
Not applicable; the compound is not administered for therapeutic purposes. It can be used as a tracer in a lipid metabolism study, but that is rare. Its role is ex vivo: it is spiked into biological samples (plasma, tissue) to correct for matrix effects and analyte loss during sample preparation. |
| Enzyme Assay |
No direct enzyme binding assay is performed. For quality control, the compound is used as a standard in LC-MS/MS. A calibration curve is prepared by spiking known amounts of the unlabeled NAT and a fixed amount of the d4 standard into a surrogate matrix. The peak area ratio is plotted against concentration.
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| Cell Assay |
General LC-MS/MS protocol: Add a fixed amount (e.g., 10 ng/mL) of N-Palmitoyl Taurine-d4 to plasma, serum, or cell lysate. Perform protein precipitation with acetonitrile or lipid extraction with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The extract is dried, reconstituted, and injected onto a C18 column. Detect in SRM mode: m/z 368→128 (d4) and 364→124 (unlabeled). Quantitate by isotope dilution.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable for in vivo animal dosing of the internal standard itself. However, for a PK study of the parent compound, animals are dosed with the unlabeled drug. Then, the d4 standard is added to plasma samples ex vivo. Standard PK protocol: dose rats with 10 mg/kg of NAT, collect blood at 0-24 h, process with internal standard, analyze by LC-MS/MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The d4 standard has identical ADME properties to the natural compound. N-Palmitoyl Taurine has low oral bioavailability. It is rapidly metabolized by amidases. The half-life is short (minutes to hours). It is highly protein bound (>95%). The labeled standard is stable in organic solvents.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
N-Palmitoyl Taurine-d4 is non-toxic and not genotoxic. It is used at trace levels (ng/mL) and poses no safety risk. Standard laboratory handling (gloves, lab coat) is sufficient. It is not a controlled substance.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
This deuterated standard is essential for accurate quantitation of NAT in lipidomics. NAT is a potential biomarker for pain and inflammation. The d4 standard is stored at -20degC, usually supplied as a solution in methanol. It is light-sensitive and should be protected from light.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H33D4NO4S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
367.58
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| Related CAS # |
N-Palmitoyl Taurine; 83982-06-3
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7205 mL | 13.6025 mL | 27.2050 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5441 mL | 2.7205 mL | 5.4410 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2720 mL | 1.3602 mL | 2.7205 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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