| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The control ADC does not have a specific target antigen; it is designed to have minimal or no binding to human or mouse tissues. The antibody moiety (Human IgG1 kappa isotype control) is selected to lack meaningful binding to the intended target of the therapeutic ADC. This ensures that any observed cytotoxic activity is due to non-specific uptake or effector functions, not target-mediated internalization. The payload, tirumotecan, is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that is released from the conjugate inside the cell. In the context of a non-targeting control, any activity observed is considered off-target or non-specific, which is essential for background subtraction.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ADC Control Human IgG1-tirumotecan is typically non-cytotoxic to antigen-positive cancer cells at the same concentrations where the experimental ADC shows activity. In an MTT or CellTiter-Glo assay, treatment of antigen-positive cells with the control ADC (0.01-10 ug/mL) for 72-96 h should result in little to no reduction in cell viability, whereas the experimental ADC should show potent cytotoxicity (IC₅0 in the low ng/mL to ug/mL range). In antigen-negative cells, both the control and experimental ADCs should show similar low activity. This control is used to confirm that the activity of the experimental ADC is target-dependent. It also helps control for non-specific uptake mediated by Fc receptors on certain cell types.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the ADC Control Human IgG1-tirumotecan is used as a negative control in mouse xenograft models. In a tumor xenograft model expressing the target antigen, the control ADC (1-10 mg/kg, i.v., single or multiple doses) should have no significant effect on tumor growth compared to vehicle control. In contrast, the experimental ADC should inhibit tumor growth. The control ADC helps to demonstrate that the observed anti-tumor activity of the experimental ADC is due to specific targeting of the antibody to the tumor antigen, not a general property of the isotype antibody or the drug-linker. It also helps assess non-specific toxicity of the ADC platform.
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| Enzyme Assay |
General in vitro cell viability assay for control validation: Seed target antigen-positive cancer cells (e.g., a cell line used for the experimental ADC) in 96-well plates at 5×103 cells/well. After 24 h, treat with serial dilutions of ADC Control Human IgG1-tirumotecan (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 ug/mL) for 72-96 h. Add CellTiter-Glo reagent and measure luminescence. Calculate IC₅0. The IC₅0 should be >10 ug/mL (or not reached). Compare with the experimental ADC, which should have an IC₅0 <1 ug/mL. For a flow cytometry binding assay, incubate target cells with the control ADC (1-10 ug/mL) for 30 min on ice, wash, and stain with an anti-human IgG secondary antibody. The control ADC should show minimal to no binding (mean fluorescence intensity similar to secondary antibody alone). The experimental ADC should show strong binding.
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| Cell Assay |
General in vivo xenograft protocol for control validation: Female NCr nu/nu mice (n=8 per group) are inoculated subcutaneously with target antigen-positive cancer cells (e.g., 5×10⁶ cells). When tumors reach 150-200 mm3, administer ADC Control Human IgG1-tirumotecan intravenously (i.v.) at doses of 1, 3, 10 mg/kg (single dose or twice weekly for 2-3 weeks). Control groups include vehicle (PBS) and experimental ADC (3-10 mg/kg). Measure tumor volume twice weekly. The control ADC should show no significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI <20%) compared to vehicle, whereas the experimental ADC should show significant TGI (>50%). Also monitor body weight to assess non-specific toxicity. The control ADC should not cause significant body weight loss.
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| Animal Protocol |
General in vitro Fc effector function assay: To assess the contribution of Fc-mediated effector functions (ADCC, CDC) to the activity of the experimental ADC, the control ADC (non-targeting) can be used. For ADCC, co-culture target cells with PBMCs or NK cells at various effector-to-target ratios in the presence of 10 ug/mL of control ADC. Measure target cell lysis using LDH release. The control ADC may cause some level of ADCC if the isotype antibody binds FcgammaRIIIa, but this should be similar to a standard human IgG1 control. For experimental ADC, ADCC may be higher if the target antigen is expressed on the cell surface.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
ADC Control Human IgG1-tirumotecan is a complete ADC molecule (MW ~150 kDa) and is administered intravenously for in vivo studies. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of the control ADC are expected to be similar to any other human IgG1 antibody in mice, with a typical half-life of 4-7 days. The control ADC is stable in circulation. The payload is released only after internalization and lysosomal degradation. For research use, the control ADC is supplied as a sterile solution in PBS (pH 6.5-7.0) at a concentration of 1-5 mg/mL. It should be stored at 4degC for short-term use and -80degC for long-term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The control ADC is designed to have minimal toxicity, as it does not target any specific antigen. However, it may cause non-specific toxicity at very high doses due to the payload (tirumotecan). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in mice is typically >20 mg/kg for a non-targeting ADC. The compound is not genotoxic. In research applications, it is handled as a standard laboratory chemical. For impurity qualification, it is not an impurity but a separate reagent.
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| Additional Infomation |
Background: ADC Control Human IgG1-tirumotecan is an isotype control for ADCs that use the same linker-payload technology. It is essential for proper interpretation of ADC studies, as it allows researchers to distinguish specific, antigen-dependent effects from non-specific effects. This control is especially important when assessing new targets where the expression level and internalization rate are unknown. The antibody is a human IgG1 kappa isotype control, selected to have no known binding to human antigens. The compound is for research use only.
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow liquid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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