| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer primarily targets DNA and proteins, inducing cancer cell death via the p53-dependent signaling pathway. Ruthenium-arene complexes derived from this dimer exert anticancer effects by interacting with DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase activity. These complexes are promising chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Bis-salicylaldimine-based dimetallic Ru-(p-cymene) complexes have been shown to exert anticancer effects by activating the p53 pathway, suggesting their potential for treating cancer.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer and its derived complexes demonstrate significant anticancer effects. Bis-salicylaldimine-based dimetallic Ru-(p-cymene) complexes exert anticancer effects by activating the p53 pathway. These ruthenium complexes are capable of inducing cancer cell death and suppressing invasion in various cancer cell lines. The compound serves as a key building block for synthesizing metal-based drugs with enhanced biological activity and reduced systemic toxicity compared to platinum-based chemotherapeutics.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, ruthenium(II)-arene complexes derived from dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer have demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in animal models. These complexes show promising chemotherapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer, as evidenced by their ability to suppress tumor progression and metastasis. The in vivo efficacy is attributed to their DNA-binding properties and activation of p53-dependent apoptotic pathways. Further studies are ongoing to optimize their pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme assays, the target enzyme (e.g., topoisomerase or kinase) is incubated with varying concentrations of the ruthenium complex (0.1-100 uM) in a suitable buffer (e.g., 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, containing 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, and 0.01% BSA) at 37degC for 30-60 minutes. The reaction is initiated by adding a specific substrate, and enzyme activity is measured using a chromogenic or fluorogenic method. IC₅0 values are calculated by plotting inhibition percentage against compound concentration.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, cancer cell lines (e.g., A549, HeLa, MCF-7) are cultured in DMEM or RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin at 37degC in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator. Cells are treated with the ruthenium complex at concentrations ranging from 1-100 uM for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis is measured by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Expression of p53 and its downstream targets is evaluated by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo efficacy studies, immunodeficient mice (e.g., nude mice, 6-8 weeks old) are subcutaneously inoculated with 5×10⁶ cancer cells (e.g., A549 or HeLa) suspended in a 1:1 mixture of PBS and Matrigel. When tumors reach a volume of approximately 100-200 mm3, mice are randomized into treatment groups (n=6-8 per group). The ruthenium complex is administered intraperitoneally or intravenously at doses of 1-10 mg/kg in a suitable vehicle (e.g., 10% DMSO, 40% PEG300, 5% Tween 80, 45% saline) every 2-3 days for 2-4 weeks. Tumor volume is measured with digital calipers every 2-3 days. Body weight is monitored as a toxicity indicator. At the study endpoint, tumors are harvested for histopathological examination (H&E staining), and TUNEL assays are performed to assess apoptosis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer itself are not fully characterized. However, ruthenium-arene complexes derived from this dimer generally exhibit moderate stability in plasma and undergo ligand exchange reactions. After intravenous administration, these complexes distribute widely to tissues, including tumors, and are eliminated primarily via renal and hepatic routes. The ruthenium metal core can be redox-active, which contributes to both therapeutic activity and potential toxicity.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The acute toxicity of dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer is not well documented. Related ruthenium-arene complexes generally have a better safety profile than platinum-based drugs. They may cause skin and eye irritation. Inhalation of dust or vapors may cause respiratory tract irritation. It is a combustible solid. Standard safety precautions (fume hood, gloves, goggles, lab coat) should be used when handling the compound. Detailed toxicity data should be consulted before use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer is an essential catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly for hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, and C-H bond activation reactions. It serves as a versatile precursor for developing ruthenium-based anticancer agents, which represent a promising alternative to platinum-based chemotherapeutics. Bis-salicylaldimine-based dimetallic Ru-(p-cymene) complexes derived from this dimer exert anticancer effects by activating the p53 pathway. The compound is not approved for clinical use and is strictly for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C22H34CL4RU2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
612.38
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| Exact Mass |
615.901
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| CAS # |
52462-29-0
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| PubChem CID |
10908223
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| Appearance |
Orange to reddish brown solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
89
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C.Cl[Ru]Cl.Cl[Ru]Cl
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| InChi Key |
LAXRNWSASWOFOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C10H14.4ClH.2Ru/c2*1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10;;;;;;/h2*4-8H,1-3H3;4*1H;;/q;;;;;;2*+2/p-4
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| Chemical Name |
bis(dichlororuthenium);bis(1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene)
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| Synonyms |
Tetrachlorobis(mu-4-cymene)diruthenium(II)
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6330 mL | 8.1649 mL | 16.3297 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3266 mL | 1.6330 mL | 3.2659 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1633 mL | 0.8165 mL | 1.6330 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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