| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Xylose-13C2 has no biological target as a drug; it is a stable isotope-labeled carbohydrate. Xylose (the unlabeled form) is a natural pentose sugar that serves as a carbon source for microorganisms. It is metabolized by xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) to xylulose, which is then phosphorylated and enters the pentose phosphate pathway or is further metabolized to ethanol and CO2 via fermentation pathways. The ¹3C-labeled version allows tracking of carbon atoms through metabolic pathways using mass spectrometry or NMR spectroscopy.
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| ln Vitro |
Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Studies involving the human use of drugs labeled with deuterium suggest that these compounds may offer some advantages when compared with their nondeuterated counterparts. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs. Deutetrabenazine is the first deuterated drug to receive Food and Drug Administration approval. This deuterated form of the drug tetrabenazine is indicated for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease as well as tardive dyskinesia. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that a number of other deuterated compounds are being evaluated for the treatment of human diseases and not merely as research tools.
Xylose-13C2 is a stable isotope-labeled compound used primarily as an analytical internal standard. It has no direct biological activity. Xylose, the unlabeled natural pentose, is utilized by microorganisms as a carbon source for the production of fuels, chemicals, and bulk industrial enzymes. Xylose provides matter and energy to cells, serving as a carbon source for the biosynthesis of high-value chemicals and biofuels. The compound can be used to fully develop lignocellulose resources, providing new directions for microbial fermentation. The ¹3C labeling enables quantitative metabolic flux analysis. |
| ln Vivo |
Deuterated compounds may, in some cases, offer advantages over nondeuterated forms, often through alterations in clearance. Deuteration may also redirect metabolic pathways in directions that reduce toxicities. The approval of additional deuterated compounds may soon follow. Clinicians will need to be familiar with the dosing, efficacy, potential side effects, and unique metabolic profiles of these new entities.
No direct in vivo activity is reported for Xylose-13C2. In metabolic tracer studies, the compound is administered to animals (e.g., mice, rats) orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally (dose 0.1-1 g/kg). Blood, urine, and tissue samples are collected, and the labeled xylose and its metabolites are quantified by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. This allows researchers to study xylose absorption, metabolism, and clearance in vivo. Deuterated compounds may, in some cases, offer advantages over nondeuterated forms through alterations in clearance and metabolism. The approval of deuterated compounds for human use highlights the value of stable isotope labeling in drug development. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. Xylose-13C2 is a stable isotope-labeled internal standard, not an enzyme inhibitor. Its purity (>98%) is confirmed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The isotope enrichment (>99 atom% ¹3C) is verified by mass spectrometry. The compound is characterized by its distinct mass shift of +2 Da compared to unlabeled xylose, which allows it to be distinguished from endogenous xylose. No biological enzyme assays are performed on this compound.
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| Cell Assay |
No standard cell-based protocol exists for Xylose-13C2. For metabolic studies, cells (e.g., xylose-fermenting yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or engineered E. coli) are cultured in defined medium containing Xylose-13C2 as the sole carbon source (1-20 g/L). Aliquots of culture medium and cell pellets are collected at various time points. Metabolites are extracted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. The incorporation of ¹3C into downstream metabolites (e.g., xylulose, ethanol, acetate, and amino acids) is quantified to determine metabolic flux through xylose utilization pathways. This protocol is for metabolic engineering research.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo metabolic tracer study: Male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 wk, n=5/group) are fasted overnight. Xylose-13C2 is formulated in water or saline and administered orally by gavage (dose 0.5-2 g/kg). Blood samples (20-50 uL) are collected from the tail vein at pre-dose and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min post-dose. Plasma is separated and deproteinized. Xylose-13C2 and its metabolites (xylulose, xylitol, etc.) are quantified by LC-MS/MS. PK parameters of the labeled xylose and its metabolites are calculated using non-compartmental analysis. For tissue distribution, mice are euthanized at 30-120 min post-dose, and tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, brain) are collected for LC-MS/MS analysis. This protocol is for metabolic research, not for drug development.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Following oral administration of xylose, absorption occurs in the small intestine via glucose transporters (SGLT1, GLUT2). The bioavailability of xylose is limited due to metabolism by intestinal bacteria. Peak plasma concentrations occur at 30-60 min post-dose. Xylose is metabolized primarily in the liver via xylose isomerase to xylulose, which enters the pentose phosphate pathway. The elimination half-life of xylose in rodents is approximately 1-2 hours. The ¹3C-labeled version (Xylose-13C2) has identical PK properties to unlabeled xylose, making it an ideal internal standard. Excretion occurs in urine as unchanged xylose and metabolites.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
For Xylose-13C2, hazard statements not detailed. The compound is a stable isotope-labeled sugar and is considered low hazard. Standard safety precautions for handling laboratory chemicals apply: use PPE (gloves, lab coat, goggles), work in a well-ventilated area, avoid inhalation and skin contact. Appearance: typically exists as solids at room temperature. Storage: powder at -20degC for 3 years, 4degC for 2 years; in solvent at -80degC for 6 months, -20degC for 1 month. Store in a sealed, dry environment.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Xylose-13C2 (CAS# 201741-00-6) is a research-grade stable isotope-labeled internal standard for metabolic studies. It is used to trace xylose metabolism, study microbial fermentation, and quantify xylose in biological samples by LC-MS/MS. It is not an FDA-approved drug. For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C313C2H10O5
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| Molecular Weight |
152.12
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| CAS # |
201741-00-6
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| Related CAS # |
Xylose; Xylose-1-13C; Xylose-2-13C; Xylose-18O; Xylose-d-3; Xylose-d-4; Xylose-5-13C; Xylose-3-13C; Xylose-4-13C; Xylose-d6; 2687960-63-8
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| SMILES |
O=[13CH][13C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O
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| Synonyms |
Xylose-13C2; D-(+)-Xylose-13C2; (+)-Xylose-13C2; Wood sugar-13C2
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.5738 mL | 32.8688 mL | 65.7376 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3148 mL | 6.5738 mL | 13.1475 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6574 mL | 3.2869 mL | 6.5738 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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