| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: =98.92%
| Targets |
Bioactive peptide
MSI-78A targets bacterial cell membranes. As an antimicrobial peptide, it disrupts the integrity of bacterial membranes through a mechanism involving electrostatic interactions with negatively charged bacterial surfaces and insertion into the lipid bilayer. This leads to membrane permeabilization and bacterial cell death. MSI-78A is bactericidal against H. pylori and has potential for development as a targeted antimicrobial agent for gastric infections. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, MSI-78A demonstrates antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains, including Helicobacter pylori. The compound's activity is assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against target bacteria. The peptide's mechanism of action involves membrane disruption, which can be studied using membrane permeability assays and electron microscopy. MSI-78A has been grafted onto chitosan microspheres to enhance its antimicrobial activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, MSI-78A has been studied for its potential in gastric infection management. Surface-grafted MSI-78A nanoparticles have been developed for targeted delivery to the gastric mucosa. The peptide's efficacy in animal models of H. pylori infection has been investigated, though specific details are limited. The compound's ability to kill H. pylori makes it a promising candidate for further development.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility assays for MSI-78A determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against bacterial strains. The peptide is serially diluted in broth medium, and bacteria are added. After incubation, the MIC is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth. Membrane permeabilization assays use fluorescent dyes such as propidium iodide to assess membrane damage. The peptide's activity against H. pylori is of particular interest.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for MSI-78A are performed in mammalian cell lines to assess cytotoxicity and selectivity. The peptide's effects on cell viability are measured using MTT or LDH release assays. Hemolytic activity is assessed using red blood cells. These assays determine the therapeutic index of the peptide and its potential for causing damage to host cells. The peptide's selectivity for bacterial membranes over mammalian membranes is a key characteristic of antimicrobial peptides.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with MSI-78A are conducted in rodent models of gastric infection. Animals are infected with H. pylori and then treated with MSI-78A or MSI-78A-grafted nanoparticles. Bacterial load in the stomach is measured by colony counting or qPCR. Gastric inflammation is assessed by histology and measurement of inflammatory cytokines. These studies evaluate the peptide's efficacy and safety for gastric infection management.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of MSI-78A are typical of antimicrobial peptides. As a peptide, it is susceptible to proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic circulation. Its half-life is relatively short. Formulation strategies such as grafting onto nanoparticles are being developed to improve stability and targeted delivery. The compound's large molecular weight and cationic nature limit its oral bioavailability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
MSI-78A has been evaluated for toxicity in preclinical studies. As an antimicrobial peptide, it may have hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity at high concentrations. However, its selectivity for bacterial membranes over mammalian membranes contributes to a favorable safety profile. Comprehensive toxicology data are limited, as the compound is primarily in the research phase. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the peptide.
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| Additional Infomation |
MSI-78A (Pexiganan A) is an antimicrobial peptide with activity against Helicobacter pylori. It has the sequence Gly-Ile-Gly-Lys-Phe-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Phe-Ala-Lys-Ala-Phe-Val-Lys-Ile-Leu-Lys-Lys. The peptide is being investigated for gastric infection management. It is a research compound and is not approved for human therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C123H211N31O23
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| Molecular Weight |
2492.19
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| Sequence |
Gly-Ile-Gly-Lys-Phe-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Phe-Ala-Lys-Ala-Phe-Val-Lys-Ile-Leu-Lys-Lys
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| SequenceShortening |
GIGKFLKKAKKFAKAFVKILKK
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| Appearance |
White powder form
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4013 mL | 2.0063 mL | 4.0125 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0803 mL | 0.4013 mL | 0.8025 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0401 mL | 0.2006 mL | 0.4013 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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