| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Fluorescent Dye
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
For our work, Alexafluor 488 alkyne (AF488alkyne, 1) and Alexafluor 594 azide (AF594azide, 2) dyes (Fig. 2) were chosen as FRET donor/acceptor pair, since they exhibit good photostability, excellent FRET overlap and optimal spectral properties for 488 nm laser irradiation. AF488alkyne has large absorption at 488 nm, while AF594azide absorbs very little at 488 nm (Supplementary Fig. 10) maximizing FRET efficiency between the donor and acceptor and diminishing the effect of direct acceptor excitation. In single-molecule studies, concentrations in the picomolar range help make the effect of non-specific energy transfer statistically negligible.
Copper-catalysed cycloaddition between 1 and 2 brings the donor and acceptor close to each other allowing the AF594 acceptor to emit light following energy transfer from a proximal excited AF488 (see structure 3). Although CuNP-catalysed CuAAC have been shown to proceed with good efficiency, it is often the case that the rate of reaction suffers dramatically at low reactant concentrations. To overcome this issue, amines such as triethylamine are commonly added in CuAAC chemistry as ligands to accelerate the reaction and protect the catalyst by facilitating coordination of the azide to copper and preventing the formation of unreactive polynuclear copper(I) acetylides [1]. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Single-molecule imaging of CuNP-catalysed CuAAC [1]
For single-molecule imaging experiments, an aqueous solution of 100 pM Alexa Fluor 488 alkyne (AF488alkyne, 1), 100 pM Alexa Fluor 594 azide (AF594azide, 2) and 1 nM triethylamine was flowed at 1 ml h−1 through the flow cell reactor (Chamlide model CF-S25-B) over a round glass microscope coverslip previously spin coated with CuNP which was placed over the objective of an Olympus TIRF microscope system (Fig. 2, see Methods for instrument details). To image the CuAAC reaction between 1 and 2, a solution of the two dyes was irradiated with 488 nm light and the resulting emission was recorded by an EM-CCD at 10 frames per second after being passed through a 550 long-pass filter to eliminate most of the residual donor emission. The collected emission is observed as bright bursting events on a dark background (Supplementary Movie 1 and Fig. 2). |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Colloidal or heterogeneous nanocatalysts can improve the range and diversity of Cu(I)-catalysed click reactions and facilitate catalyst separation and reuse. Catalysis by metal nanoparticles raises the question as to whether heterogeneous catalysts may cause homogeneous catalysis through metal ion leaching, since the catalytic process could be mediated by the particle, or by metal ions released from it. The question is critical as unwanted homogeneous processes could offset the benefits of heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we combine standard bench scale techniques with single-molecule spectroscopy to monitor single catalytic events in real time and demonstrate that click catalysis occurs directly at the surface of copper nanoparticles; this general approach could be implemented in other systems. We use 'from the mole to the molecule' to describe this emerging idea in which mole scale reactions can be optimized through an intimate understanding of the catalytic process at the single-molecule-single catalytic nanoparticle level. [1]
|
| Molecular Formula |
C41H46N6O10S2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
846.97
|
| Exact Mass |
846.27
|
| Elemental Analysis |
C, 58.14; H, 5.47; N, 9.92; O, 18.89; S, 7.57
|
| CAS # |
1872449-19-8
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
|
| SMILES |
CC1(C=C(C2=CC3=C(C=C2N1C)OC4=CC5=[N+](C(C=C(C5=CC4=C3C6=C(C=C(C=C6)C(=O)NCCCCCCN=[N+]=[N-])C(=O)[O-])CS(=O)(=O)O)(C)C)C)CS(=O)(=O)O)C
|
| Synonyms |
BP Fluor 594 Azide; 1872449-19-8; Alexa Fluor 594 Azide; 5-((6-AZIDOHEXYL)CARBAMOYL)-2-(1,2,2,10,10,11-HEXAMETHYL-4,8-BIS(SULFOMETHYL)-1,2,10,11-TETRAHYDROPYRANO[3,2-G:5,6-G']DIQUINOLIN-13-IUM-6-YL)BENZOATE
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1807 mL | 5.9034 mL | 11.8068 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2361 mL | 1.1807 mL | 2.3614 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1181 mL | 0.5903 mL | 1.1807 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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