| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Urolithin E does not have a single, well-defined molecular target. Its mechanism of action involves pleiotropic effects on multiple cellular pathways. It is known to modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulator of inflammation, by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. It also acts as a potent activator of mitophagy (autophagy of mitochondria) by enhancing the expression of PINK1 and Parkin, crucial proteins for mitochondrial quality control. Additionally, it exhibits strong binding affinity to estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta), demonstrating both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities depending on the context.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Urolithin E possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It has been shown to scavenge free radicals in DPPH and ABTS assays, protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. It potently inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In cell-based models, Urolithin E modulates apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of specific cancer cell lines, including breast and colon cancer cells. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) and MAPK signaling pathways.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of Urolithin E is inferred from studies of the urolithin family, particularly Urolithin A. Following ingestion of ellagitannin-rich foods, urolithins are produced in the gut. They circulate in the plasma and are excreted in urine as phase II conjugates (glucuronides or sulfates). This demonstrates systemic bioavailability. Urolithin E has been detected as a metabolite in biological fluids after consumption of walnuts or pomegranates. In animal models, urolithins exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and protect against colitis. They also improve muscle function and mitochondrial health in aged animals by promoting mitophagy. These in vivo effects support the potential of urolithins as bioactive dietary components.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for Urolithin E typically measure its direct radical scavenging capacity. A standard DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay is performed in a 96-well plate. A solution of DPPH in methanol (0.1 mM) is prepared. Varying concentrations of Urolithin E (1-200 uM) are added to the DPPH solution. The mixture is incubated in the dark at room temperature for 30 minutes. The decrease in absorbance is measured at 517 nm using a microplate reader. The percentage of radical scavenging is calculated by comparing the absorbance of the sample to a control (DPPH solution without compound). The IC50 (the concentration that scavenges 50% of the DPPH radicals) is then determined.
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| Cell Assay |
A cell-based assay to study the anti-inflammatory effects of Urolithin E can be performed using RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and incubated overnight. They are then pre-treated with various concentrations of Urolithin E (10-100 uM) for 2 hours. The cells are stimulated with 1 ug/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. After 24 hours, the cell culture supernatant is collected. The concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha is measured using a commercial ELISA kit. A significant reduction in TNF-alpha levels in the compound-treated groups compared to the LPS-only control confirms an anti-inflammatory effect. Cell viability is assessed concurrently using an MTT assay to rule out cytotoxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo experiments to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of urolithins are often conducted using a mouse model of colitis. C57BL/6 mice are administered 2.5-3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water for 5-7 days to induce acute colitis. Urolithin E is administered via oral gavage at a dose of 10-50 mg/kg/day throughout the DSS treatment period. Mice are monitored daily for body weight loss, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding (disease activity index, DAI). At study termination, colon length is measured (shorter colons indicate more severe inflammation). Colon tissue is collected for histopathological scoring of inflammatory cell infiltration and crypt damage. MPO (myeloperoxidase) activity is also measured in colon tissue homogenates.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of Urolithin E is characterized by its production from its dietary precursors by gut microbiota. This means its systemic levels depend heavily on the composition of an individual's microbiome. After oral ingestion of ellagitannins, Urolithin E is not absorbed directly. It is produced in the distal gut. Once formed, it can be absorbed and rapidly conjugated (glucuronidation/sulfation) in the intestinal wall and liver. The conjugated forms are the major circulating species in plasma. The half-life of total urolithins (free + conjugated) in plasma is relatively long (5-10 hours) due to enterohepatic recirculation, where the glucuronides are deconjugated in the gut and reabsorbed. As a result, urolithins can be detected in plasma and urine for up to 48-72 hours after consumption of a pomegranate.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Urolithin E is limited, but urolithins are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food metabolites. Unlike many polyphenols, urolithins are not cytotoxic to normal cells at physiologically relevant concentrations. They do not show estrogenicity that would promote cancer. Urolithin A has undergone safety assessments in humans for its use as a dietary supplement, with no serious adverse events reported. The primary safety consideration is the individual's ability to produce urolithins; some people are "non-producers" due to their gut flora composition. As a research chemical, standard laboratory safety precautions (gloves, lab coat) should be used. It is not intended for human consumption as a pure compound. The powder should be stored at -20degC under inert conditions.
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| Additional Infomation |
Urolithin E is a significant compound in the field of nutritional biochemistry and microbiome research. It is a classic example of a "postbiotic" - a bioactive metabolite produced by bacteria that confers health benefits to the host. Its production is highly variable among individuals, which may explain why some people derive more benefit from eating pomegranates than others. Urolithin E is used as an analytical standard to profile these metabolic phenotypes. While the parent compound is not a drug, its potent mitochondrial health-promoting properties have spurred the development of synthetic analogs (e.g., Urolithin A) as pharmaceutical candidates for muscle wasting and neurodegenerative diseases. This compound is strictly for research and analytical applications, not for clinical use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C13H8O6
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| Molecular Weight |
260.20
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| Exact Mass |
260.032
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| CAS # |
1453297-45-4
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| PubChem CID |
102435041
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
372
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C(C2C=C(C=C(C=2C2C=CC(=C(C1=2)O)O)O)O)=O
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| InChi Key |
UAOUKWCOBPGDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H8O6/c14-5-3-7-10(9(16)4-5)6-1-2-8(15)11(17)12(6)19-13(7)18/h1-4,14-17H
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| Chemical Name |
3,4,8,10-tetrahydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one
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| Synonyms |
Urolithin E
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8432 mL | 19.2160 mL | 38.4320 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7686 mL | 3.8432 mL | 7.6864 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3843 mL | 1.9216 mL | 3.8432 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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