| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
This compound has no biological target as it is a chemical crosslinker. Its "targets" are the acrylamide monomer chains during polymerization, crosslinking via free radical copolymerization. The piperazine ring core provides rigidity, and its intermediate reactivity (PEGDA > BAC > PDA > Bis > DATD) reduces undesired protein modification during electrophoresis. It achieves higher monomer-to-crosslinker ratios (>37.5:1) for macromolecule separation while maintaining gel integrity. It is used for controlled polymerization in molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesis.
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| ln Vitro |
No direct biological activity is reported. Its "activity" is chemical: as a crosslinker, it co-polymerizes with acrylamide monomers to form polyacrylamide gels. The tertiary amide structure eliminates silver staining background interference, improving signal-to-noise detection of low-abundance proteins. It is not intended for pharmacological testing. The compound serves as a biochemical assay reagent. It is used in the synthesis of bioconjugates and in medicine and biotechnology.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A non-cellular assay involves gel polymerization efficiency testing. A typical protocol: acrylamide (e.g., 30%), PDA (0.5-2% of total monomer), TEMED, and ammonium persulfate (APS) are mixed in buffer (e.g., Tris-HCl, pH 8.8). The solution is poured into a casting apparatus and allowed to polymerize at room temperature for 30-60 minutes. The resulting gel's pore size, swelling ratio, and mechanical strength (e.g., compression modulus) are measured. The crosslinker's activity is assessed by the gel's resolution in separating protein standards by molecular weight via SDS-PAGE.
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| Cell Assay |
No standard cell-based assays exist, as this is a chemical crosslinker. For biocompatibility testing, however, human dermal fibroblasts or HEK293 cells are seeded onto PDA-crosslinked hydrogel surfaces or into the presence of leachable PDA monomers (0.01-1 mM). After 24-72 hours, cell viability is measured via MTT assay, and cell morphology is observed. Cytotoxicity is expected at high concentrations due to the acrylamide group's reactivity. At low concentrations (<50 uM), it may support cell adhesion. This assesses safety for biomedical applications like drug delivery.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not used directly in animal studies for efficacy. To test safety, a subchronic toxicity study can be performed in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are administered PDA by oral gavage at doses of 0, 10, 50, 250 mg/kg daily for 28 days. A control group receives water. Observations include body weight, food consumption, and signs of neurotoxicity (gait, tremors). At study end, blood is collected for hematology and clinical chemistry. Tissues (liver, kidney, spleen) are examined histologically. This protocol would determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for a potential implantable biomaterial.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetics of PDA is not typically studied as it is used ex vivo. If systemically exposed, the small molecule (MW 194.23) is water-soluble but could react with proteins. The acrylamide groups can form adducts with thiols and amines. It is likely metabolized by glutathione conjugation via GST enzymes, leading to excretion of mercapturic acid metabolites in urine. Its logP is ~-0.1, indicating moderate hydrophilicity. The compound is stored at 4degC under nitrogen to prevent polymerization. In solution (DMSO), it is stable at -80degC for 6 months.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
PDA is classified as a biochemical reagent, not a drug. Toxicological data is limited; however, it is handled as a potential skin and eye irritant (H315, H319). It may cause respiratory irritation (H335). As an acrylamide derivative, it has potential neurotoxicity and is handled with caution. Avoid inhalation, skin contact, and polymerization in containers. Use in a fume hood with gloves, lab coat, and goggles. The compound is not for human consumption. Waste must be disposed of as hazardous.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1,4-Bis(acryloyl)piperazine is a tertiary amide and N-acylpiperazine.
Structure is shown in the first source. PDA is a specialty chemical in life science research. It was developed to overcome the drawbacks of Bis-acrylamide (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide), such as background silver staining in proteomics and limited mechanical strength. It is listed as a biochemical assay reagent. The compound is used to synthesize bioconjugates and can be used in medicine and biotechnology. It belongs to the diacrylyl tertiary amide crosslinker class. It is a biomaterial. It reduces undesired protein modification and improves resolution. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H14N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
194.23
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| Exact Mass |
194.106
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| CAS # |
6342-17-2
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| PubChem CID |
193422
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
434.1±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
91.5-93.5 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
216.5±15.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.517
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| LogP |
-1.22
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
237
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(C([H])=C([H])[H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C(C([H])=C([H])[H])=O)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
YERHJBPPDGHCRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H14N2O2/c1-3-9(13)11-5-7-12(8-6-11)10(14)4-2/h3-4H,1-2,5-8H2
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| Chemical Name |
1-(4-prop-2-enoylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.1485 mL | 25.7427 mL | 51.4854 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0297 mL | 5.1485 mL | 10.2971 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5149 mL | 2.5743 mL | 5.1485 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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