| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Nickel(II) fluoride targets respiratory and immune systems. Ni2+ ions are known to activate the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha) pathway and induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). F- ions inhibit enzymes that require metal cofactors (e.g., phosphatases, ATPases). In vitro, Ni2+ can bind to DNA and proteins, disrupting cell function. The compound has no therapeutic target.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, NiF2 (10-500 uM) inhibits the activity of alkaline phosphatase (IC50 ~50 uM) and other metal-dependent enzymes. It also induces cytotoxicity in A549 human lung epithelial cells with IC50 ~100 uM (24 h, MTT assay). The fluoride component contributes to toxicity by chelating calcium and inhibiting glycolysis. It is used as a positive control for metal toxicity assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, nickel(II) fluoride is used in animal studies of nickel carcinogenicity. Rats exposed to NiF2 via intratracheal instillation (0.5-2 mg Ni/kg, once weekly for 10 weeks) develop lung inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually lung tumors after 18 months. It is also used in inhalation toxicity studies: mice exposed to 0.1-1 mg/m3 NiF2 aerosol for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks show increased neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme inhibition assay: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 0.1 U) is incubated with 1 mM p-nitrophenyl phosphate in 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9.5) with varying NiF2 (0-500 uM) at 37degC for 15 min. The reaction is stopped with NaOH, and absorbance at 405 nm is measured. IC50 is calculated. For NiF2, IC50 ~50 uM. This confirms metal-dependent enzyme inhibition. Fluoride release can also be measured with a fluoride ion-selective electrode.
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| Cell Assay |
Human lung epithelial A549 cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well). After 24 h, they are treated with NiF2 (10-1000 uM) in DMEM for 24 h. Cell viability is measured by MTT. The IC50 is ~100-200 uM. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are measured by DCFH-DA fluorescence (2-3 fold increase at 100 uM). Western blot for HIF-1alpha shows stabilization. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release is measured to assess membrane damage.
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| Animal Protocol |
Subacute inhalation toxicity in rats: Male Wistar rats (n=10 per group) are exposed to NiF2 aerosol (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 mg/m3) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Endpoints: body weight, lung histology (H&E, fibrosis score), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha). At 2.5 mg/m3, rats show significant lung inflammation, increased BALF neutrophils, and mild fibrosis. NOAEL is 0.1 mg/m3.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Nickel is primarily absorbed through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body, nickel enters the bloodstream and binds to albumin, L-histidine, and β2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid gland, kidneys, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in urine, while unabsorbed nickel is excreted in feces. (L41) Nickel(II) fluoride (MW 96.69) is poorly soluble in water (0.1 g/L). After ingestion or inhalation, it dissolves slowly, releasing Ni2+ and F-. Ni2+ has a plasma half-life of 30-40 h in rats, accumulates in lungs and kidneys, and is excreted in urine. F- is rapidly absorbed and cleared (half-life 2-9 h). The compound is not metabolized; it dissociates into ions. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzymes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. Complexation of nickel ions with heterochromatin leads to a range of alterations, including chromatin condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to interfere with gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter various transcription factors, including hypoxia-induced transcription factors, activation transcription factors, and NF-κB transcription factors. Furthermore, there is evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, possibly through direct inhibition of DNA repair enzymes or through competitive binding to zinc finger DNA-binding proteins, leading to alterations in DNA structure and preventing the binding of repair enzymes. Nickel ions can also form complexes with various cellular ligands, including amino acids, peptides, and proteins, generating oxygen free radicals that induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA-protein cross-links. (L41, A40) Highly toxic. H301: Toxic if swallowed. H315, H319, H335: Irritant. H350: May cause cancer (IARC Group 1 for nickel compounds). H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child. H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged exposure. Work in fume hood with full PPE: nitrile gloves, lab coat, safety goggles. Avoid dust. Store sealed, dry. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Nickel difluoride is the fluoride of nickel. Nickel is a compound with atomic number 28. It is abundant in nature in lateritic minerals, such as limonite, nickelite, and pyrite. Nickel has biological functions and is present in certain enzymes, including urease, hydrogenase, methyl-CoM reductase, and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. (L40, L41)
Drug Warnings Food and environmental factors: Effects on breastfeeding: Infant-reported signs or symptoms or effects on lactation: Fluoride: None. /Excerpt from Table 7/ Nickel(II) fluoride is used as a catalyst for the fluorination of organic compounds (e.g., replacement of chlorine by fluorine). In battery research, it serves as a conversion-type cathode material with high theoretical capacity (554 mAh/g). It is also a reference toxicant in inhalation studies. For research use only, not for human consumption. |
| Molecular Formula |
F2NI
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
96.69
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| Exact Mass |
95.932
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| CAS # |
10028-18-9
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| PubChem CID |
24825
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Density |
4.72 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
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| Boiling Point |
19.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
Sublimes at 1000 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
922mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
0.838
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
3
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| Complexity |
2.8
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Ni](F)F
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| InChi Key |
DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2FH.Ni/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
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| Chemical Name |
difluoronickel
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| Synonyms |
Nickel difluoride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 10.3423 mL | 51.7117 mL | 103.4233 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.0685 mL | 10.3423 mL | 20.6847 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.0342 mL | 5.1712 mL | 10.3423 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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