| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
CHAPSO has no specific receptor target. Its "target" is the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. It is a surfactant that inserts into the lipid bilayer, disrupting lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions. By doing so, it extracts membrane proteins from their native lipid environment and holds them in solution in a stable, monodisperse form. Its zwitterionic head group minimizes denaturation by not strongly interacting with protein charges, thereby preserving native structure and function. It is particularly effective for solubilizing the opiate receptor while maintaining its ability to bind opiates reversibly.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, CHAPSO is used to solubilize membrane proteins while maintaining their functional activity. For example, it has been used to solubilize the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin in a form that retains its light-activated signaling function. The efficacy of solubilization is measured by the yield of solubilized protein (typically 0.5-2.0 mg/mL) and the retention of activity (e.g., ligand binding affinity, enzymatic turnover). Its critical micelle concentration (CMC) is 8 mM, higher than that of many non-ionic detergents, allowing for easy removal by dialysis or dilution. It has a high solubility and does not denature membrane-bound proteins.
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| ln Vivo |
CHAPSO is not used as a drug and has no in vivo therapeutic activity. Its applications are strictly ex vivo and in vitro. For instance, it can be used in an ex vivo assay to solubilize receptors from tissue homogenates. It has been shown to solubilize the opiate receptor from bovine brain membranes to a state that is able to reversibly bind opiates. This is a crucial step for studying the receptor's pharmacology without the confounding influence of the lipid membrane. Its utility is purely a biochemical research tool for protein isolation and characterization.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard non-cellular protocol involves using CHAPSO to solubilize a membrane protein from a crude cellular fraction. A cell pellet (e.g., from HEK293 cells) is lysed, and the membrane fraction is isolated by ultracentrifugation. The membrane pellet is then resuspended in a buffer containing 10-20 mM CHAPSO (0.5-1% w/v) and incubated on ice for 30-60 minutes. The insoluble material is pelleted by ultracentrifugation, and the supernatant, which contains the solubilized membrane proteins, is collected. The efficiency of solubilization is assessed by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays are not performed with CHAPSO, as it is a detergent that lyses cells. However, it can be used in assays to study membrane proteins after their extraction from cells. For example, the solubilized protein can be reconstituted into artificial lipid vesicles (proteoliposomes). The function of the reconstituted protein can then be studied. For a transport protein, its activity can be measured by loading the proteoliposomes with a fluorescent substrate and measuring fluorescence increase upon addition of an energy source. This is a model system to study purified membrane proteins in a controlled environment.
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| Animal Protocol |
A standard in vivo animal experiment is not applicable, as CHAPSO is a toxic detergent not intended for animal administration. However, it is used in ex vivo tissue processing. For instance, to study an opioid receptor, brain tissue is dissected from rats. The tissue is homogenized in a buffer containing CHAPSO to extract the receptor for binding studies. The animal itself is not treated with CHAPSO; it is used solely as a source of tissue. The in vivo experiment stops at tissue harvest.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
CHAPSO has a molecular weight of 630.88 g/mol and is a white solid powder with a melting point of 184-186degC. It has a high critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 8 mM. The compound is highly soluble in water. Its micellar molecular weight is approximately 9960 Da, with an aggregation number of 11. It is stable at room temperature for a few days but is recommended to be stored sealed at 2-8degC for long-term preservation. The compound is not intended for in vivo use, so no pharmacokinetic data is available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
CHAPSO is considered an eye and skin irritant. It can be harmful if swallowed. However, its primary hazard is as an irritant and not as a highly toxic chemical. When handling the powder, use appropriate PPE such as gloves, a lab coat, and safety goggles. Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of dust. It is not classified as a carcinogen or reproductive hazard. The compound is for research use only and is not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
3-((3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate is the (3α, 5β, 7α, 12α) isomer
CHAPSO is a specialized detergent that has been instrumental in the field of membrane protein structural biology. Its ability to solubilize proteins without denaturing them is crucial for successful protein crystallization and cryo-EM sample preparation. It is a non-denaturing zwitterionic detergent for solubilizing proteins. It has a more polar head group than CHAPS, giving it greater solubility, and does not denature membrane-bound proteins, solubilizing the opiate receptor in a state exhibiting reversible binding of opiates. The compound is a zwitterionic detergent similar to Chaps, but more soluble and better for solubilizing integral membrane proteins. |
| Molecular Formula |
C32H58N2O8S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
630.88
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| Exact Mass |
630.391
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| CAS # |
82473-24-3
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| PubChem CID |
122145
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
184-186 °C(lit.)
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| LogP |
-4.39
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
43
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| Complexity |
1070
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
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| SMILES |
O[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H](CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@]1([C@H](C2)O)C)O
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| InChi Key |
GUQQBLRVXOUDTN-XOHPMCGNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C32H58N2O8S/c1-20(7-10-29(39)33-13-6-14-34(4,5)18-23(36)19-43(40,41)42)24-8-9-25-30-26(17-28(38)32(24,25)3)31(2)12-11-22(35)15-21(31)16-27(30)37/h20-28,30,35-38H,6-19H2,1-5H3,(H-,33,39,40,41,42)/t20-,21+,22-,23?,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,30+,31+,32-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
3-[dimethyl-[3-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]propyl]azaniumyl]-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate
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| Synonyms |
3-[3-(Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~175 mg/mL (~277.39 mM; with ultrasonication)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~158.51 mM; with ultrasonication) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5851 mL | 7.9254 mL | 15.8509 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3170 mL | 1.5851 mL | 3.1702 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1585 mL | 0.7925 mL | 1.5851 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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