| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
N4-Acetylsulfamerazine primarily targets the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, though as a metabolite, its activity is reduced compared to the parent sulfonamide. Sulfonamides are structural analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthase. This enzyme is crucial for the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria. By interfering with folate synthesis, the compound ultimately inhibits bacterial growth and replication, though the acetylation typically results in decreased antibacterial potency.
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| ln Vitro |
The in vitro activity of N4-Acetylsulfamerazine is characterized by its antibacterial properties against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It specifically inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with folic acid synthesis. In susceptibility tests, it is effective against susceptible strains of bacteria that are typically targeted by sulfonamides. It is also known to slightly inhibit cellulose digestion and rumen endocrine function. As the major metabolite of Sulfamerazine, its activity is often studied in the context of drug metabolism and resistance rather than primary therapy.
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| ln Vivo |
As a metabolite, N4-Acetylsulfamerazine has limited direct in vivo activity compared to its parent drug. It is formed in the body through acetylation of Sulfamerazine and is a major component found in the urine, feces, and blood of treated subjects. It can be detected in animal tissues and is used as a marker for exposure to the parent drug. In veterinary medicine, it is considered a residue in animal-derived food products and is monitored to ensure food safety. It does not serve as a primary therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard non-cellular protocol involves using N4-Acetylsulfamerazine as a standard in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) methods. A reference solution is prepared by dissolving the compound in a suitable solvent (e.g., methanol). The separation is performed on a reversed-phase C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% formic acid. The eluent is monitored by UV detection at 254 nm or by mass spectrometry in positive ion mode.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays are not commonly performed with this metabolite as it is less active than the parent drug. To study its antibacterial activity, a standardized microdilution assay can be used. Bacterial inoculum is prepared and added to 96-well plates containing serial dilutions of the compound in Mueller-Hinton broth. After incubation at 37degC for 18-24 hours, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration of the compound that inhibits visible bacterial growth. This assay can confirm the reduced potency compared to Sulfamerazine.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo experiments primarily focus on the pharmacokinetics and residue depletion of N4-Acetylsulfamerazine in food-producing animals. In a typical protocol, farm animals (e.g., chickens or pigs) are administered a therapeutic dose of Sulfamerazine orally or via injection. Blood, urine, and tissue samples are collected at various time points post-administration. These samples are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify the levels of both the parent drug and its N4-acetyl metabolite. This helps determine the withdrawal period required for the drug to reach safe residual levels in edible tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
N(4)-acetylsulfadiazine is a known metabolite of sulfadiazine in the human body. The pharmacokinetic properties of N4-Acetylsulfamerazine are derived from those of its parent drug, Sulfamerazine. After absorption, Sulfamerazine is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme N-acetyltransferase to form this compound. It has a longer half-life than the parent drug, contributing to its presence as a residue in tissues. Acetylation is a major pathway for metabolizing sulfonamides, and the rate of acetylation is known to be genetically determined in humans and varies among different animal species. The metabolite is primarily excreted via the kidneys. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is considered to have low acute toxicity as a pure substance. However, as a sulfonamide metabolite, its toxicological profile is relevant to drug residues. Long-term exposure to sulfonamide residues in food is a public health concern due to the potential for allergic reactions in sensitive individuals and the risk of promoting antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, maximum residue limits (MRLs) are established for sulfamerazine and its metabolite in animal-derived food products. Standard laboratory safety practices (gloves, lab coat, goggles) are sufficient for handling the pure compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
The structure given in the first document
N4-Acetylsulfamerazine is not an approved drug itself but is used as a reference standard and an analytical marker. Its primary importance lies in food safety and pharmacokinetic research. It is the major metabolite of Sulfamerazine, a veterinary antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. Its detection in food products indicates prior use of the parent drug. This compound is crucial for the development and validation of analytical methods to monitor veterinary drug residues, ensuring compliance with food safety regulations and protecting consumer health. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H14N4O3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
306.34
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| Exact Mass |
306.079
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| CAS # |
127-73-1
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| PubChem CID |
67181
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| Density |
1.429g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
250-252°C (lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.609
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| LogP |
2.771
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
455
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=NC(NS(=O)(C2=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C2)=O)=NC=C1
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| InChi Key |
PHFJZKMLXDFUNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H14N4O3S/c1-9-7-8-14-13(15-9)17-21(19,20)12-5-3-11(4-6-12)16-10(2)18/h3-8H,1-2H3,(H,16,18)(H,14,15,17)
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| Chemical Name |
N-[4-[(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]acetamide
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| Synonyms |
Acetylsulfamerazine; Sulfamelazine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2643 mL | 16.3217 mL | 32.6435 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6529 mL | 3.2643 mL | 6.5287 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3264 mL | 1.6322 mL | 3.2643 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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