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| Targets |
Curcumin monoglucoside is a flavonoid derivative with multiple biological targets. It scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces glutathione (GSH) consumption, and decreases lipid peroxidation, thereby exhibiting antioxidant activity. It also inhibits apoptosis by suppressing pro-apoptotic pathways. The neuroprotective effects are likely mediated by its ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. The antibacterial activity suggests disruption of bacterial cell membranes or inhibition of bacterial enzymes. The glucoside moiety enhances solubility and bioavailability compared to curcumin.
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| ln Vitro |
Curcumin monoglucoside (5 µM; 24 h) inhibits caspase 3 activation in N27 cells by preventing the phosphorylation of JNK and c-jun, thus exerting an anti-apoptotic effect [1]. Curcumin monoglucoside (0.25-5 µM; 24 h) significantly protected N27 cells from ROT (500 nM; 24 h)-induced neuronal death, demonstrating a neuroprotective effect[1]. Curcumin monoglucoside has antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 5, 5, and 10 μg/mL against penicillin-sensitive, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, respectively[2].
In vitro, Curcumin monoglucoside (500 uM) demonstrates antioxidant properties in rotenone (ROT)-treated Drosophila models, increasing GSH levels and reducing ROS. It exhibits antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. It also has neuroprotective effects in cell-based models of Parkinson‘s disease. The compound is not cytotoxic at low concentrations. Specific IC₅0 values for antibacterial activity are not detailed, but it is a research tool for studying Parkinson‘s disease. |
| ln Vivo |
Curcumin monoglucoside (500 µM) exerts an antioxidant effect in the Drosophila model of ROT by increasing GSH levels and reducing ROS [1].
Curcumin monoglucoside can be used in research on Parkinson‘s disease. In a rotenone (ROT)-induced Drosophila model, Curcumin monoglucoside (500 uM) increased GSH levels and reduced ROS, exhibiting antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. It is a flavonoid derivative with anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects. No specific in vivo efficacy data in mammals is detailed, but its activity in the Drosophila model suggests potential for further study in Parkinson‘s disease. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The antioxidant activity of Curcumin monoglucoside can be measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The compound (1-1000 uM) is incubated with 0.1 mM DPPH in methanol for 30 min, and the decrease in absorbance at 517 nm is measured. The IC₅0 is calculated. For GSH measurement, cells are treated with Curcumin monoglucoside (1-1000 uM) for 24-48 h, lysed, and total GSH is measured using the DTNB-GSSG reductase recycling assay. ROS levels are measured by DCFH-DA fluorescence.
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| Cell Assay |
For neuroprotection studies, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well) and differentiated with retinoic acid (10 uM) for 5-7 days. Cells are pre-treated with Curcumin monoglucoside (1-100 uM) for 1 h, then exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+, 500 uM) or rotenone (1-10 uM) for 24-48 h. Cell viability is measured by MTT assay. ROS production is measured by DCFH-DA fluorescence. GSH levels are measured by a GSH assay kit. Apoptosis is assessed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
Rotenone (ROT)-induced Drosophila model of Parkinson‘s disease: Male Drosophila melanogaster (3-5 days old, n=50-100/group) are fed a diet containing rotenone (500 uM) to induce Parkinson‘s-like symptoms. Curcumin monoglucoside (500 uM) is added to the food for 7-14 days. Control groups receive vehicle only. Locomotor activity (climbing assay) is assessed every 2-3 days. At the endpoint, flies are homogenized, and ROS levels (DCFH-DA), GSH levels, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) are measured. Dopaminergic neuron loss is assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry in the brain. This protocol is used to evaluate neuroprotective effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No specific PK data for Curcumin monoglucoside is available. As a flavonoid glucoside (MW 530.52, LogP ~1-2), it has moderate water solubility. The glucoside may be hydrolyzed by gut bacteria to release the aglycone (curcumin), which has low oral bioavailability. The half-life in the body is expected to be short (< 2 h). For research use, it is stored as a powder at -20degC, protected from light and moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Curcumin monoglucoside is a flavonoid derivative with low toxicity. In animal studies (Drosophila), no acute toxicity was reported at 500 uM. Standard safety precautions for handling natural products apply: use PPE (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles), work in a fume hood, avoid inhalation and skin contact. For research use only, not for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Curcumin monoglucoside (CAS# 387818-26-0) is a research-grade flavonoid derivative with antioxidant, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It is used in research on Parkinson‘s disease, oxidative stress, and as a reference standard for curcumin metabolism studies. For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. Storage: powder at -20degC for 3 years, 4degC for 2 years; in solvent at -80degC for 1 year.
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| Molecular Formula |
C27H30O11
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| Molecular Weight |
530.52
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| CAS # |
387818-26-0
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| SMILES |
COC1C(O)=CC=C(/C=C/C(CC(/C=C/C2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=O)=O)C=1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8849 mL | 9.4247 mL | 18.8494 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3770 mL | 1.8849 mL | 3.7699 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1885 mL | 0.9425 mL | 1.8849 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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