| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) is not a drug with a specific pharmacological target; it is a metabolic intermediate. It is involved in redox-dependent metabolic pathways and functions as a potent activator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and oxidative stress signaling. It is also used as a PROTAC linker, indicating its utility in designing proteolysis-targeting chimeras.
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| ln Vitro |
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate sodium is a naturally occurring intermediate in the metabolic pathways of proline and glutamate. Its primary in vitro use is to study enzyme kinetics of pathways such as the proline cycle. It serves as a substrate for the enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), which converts it to proline. It is also the product of the enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) when it acts on glutamate.
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| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo data was found for Pyrroline-5-carboxylate sodium. As an endogenous metabolite, its levels are tightly regulated within cells. Exogenous administration would likely be rapidly metabolized by P5C reductase to proline. The compound is not a therapeutic agent; it is a reagent for investigating the biology of these pathways in model systems.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard P5C reductase (PYCR) enzyme assay: The reaction mixture (1 mL) contains 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), 0.2 mM NADPH, varying concentrations of P5C (0.05-5 mM), and an appropriate amount of purified PYCR enzyme or cell lysate. The reaction is initiated by adding P5C and carried out at 25degC. The decrease in absorbance at 340 nm (due to NADPH oxidation) is monitored for 5-10 minutes. Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) are calculated from the initial rates.
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| Cell Assay |
A general protocol for assessing cellular proline metabolism: Cells (e.g., breast cancer cell lines) are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. To measure P5C levels, the cells are rapidly harvested and lysed in ice-cold 0.4 M perchloric acid. After centrifugation, the supernatant is neutralized with potassium carbonate. P5C is then derivatized with o-aminobenzaldehyde and measured fluorometrically (Ex 440 nm, Em 525 nm). Alternatively, P5C can be converted to a chromophore by reaction with ninhydrin.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable. As an endogenous metabolic intermediate, Pyrroline-5-carboxylate sodium would not be administered to animals in a typical pharmacological study. It is a research reagent used to spike into biological samples as a standard for LC-MS-based metabolomics studies to quantify P5C levels in tissues or biofluids. An animal can be studied for its endogenous P5C levels, but it is not dosed with the compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable. Pharmacokinetic studies are not conducted on Pyrroline-5-carboxylate sodium. As an endogenous water-soluble small molecule, if administered exogenously, it would be rapidly taken up by the liver and kidneys, converted to proline, and then utilized or excreted. It is a standard for analytical chemistry rather than a drug candidate.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Not applicable. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate sodium is an endogenous metabolic intermediate and is considered non-toxic at physiological levels. For research use, standard laboratory safety procedures should be followed. The sodium salt formulation is for use in aqueous solutions. There is no toxicological concern for handling this compound in a research setting.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate sodium is a research-grade biochemical for laboratory use only, not for human therapeutic applications. Its CAS number is 72978-16-6, molecular formula is C5H6NNaO2, and molecular weight is 135.10. Purity is ≥98%. It is soluble in water (15 mg/mL) and should be stored at 4degC. It is an important tool for metabolic research. Each product in one row, fields tab-separated.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5H6NNAO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
135.10
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| Exact Mass |
135.03
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| CAS # |
72978-16-6
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| Related CAS # |
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate
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| PubChem CID |
23706280
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
144
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Na+].[O-]C(C1CCCN=1)=O
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| InChi Key |
QKIMVEBDSSQQKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H7NO2.Na/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4;/h1-3H2,(H,7,8);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-5-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~25 mg/mL (~185.05 mM; with ultrasonication)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.4019 mL | 37.0096 mL | 74.0192 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4804 mL | 7.4019 mL | 14.8038 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7402 mL | 3.7010 mL | 7.4019 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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