| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of R-(-)-Flecainide is the voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.5) in cardiac myocytes. Class Ic antiarrhythmic agents, including flecainide, act by blocking fast sodium channels (INa) in a use-dependent manner, slowing the rapid upstroke of the cardiac action potential (Phase 0) and thereby reducing conduction velocity in the His-Purkinje system and ventricular myocardium. The R-enantiomer may exhibit different potency and selectivity compared to the S-enantiomer.
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| ln Vitro |
R-(-)-Flecainide is an antiarrhythmic agent that inhibits ventricular ectopic activity. Flecainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent that blocks cardiac sodium channels with high affinity. The R-enantiomer is expected to exhibit potent sodium channel blocking activity. Detailed in vitro IC50 values for sodium channel inhibition specifically for the R-enantiomer are not provided in the available literature, but the parent compound flecainide is well-established as a potent use-dependent sodium channel blocker.
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| ln Vivo |
R-(–)-Flecainide inhibits chloroform-induced fibrillation in mice (9-20 mg/kg, oral, single dose) with an ED50 of 14.5 mg/kg, and ouabain-induced arrhythmias in mongrel dogs (1-3 mg/kg, intravenous, single dose) without causing toxicity [1].
R-(-)-Flecainide prevents chloroform-induced ventricular fibrillation in mice with an ED50 of 14.5 mg/kg. This demonstrates potent in vivo antiarrhythmic activity in a standard arrhythmia model. The compound is orally active, as indicated by its use as an oral antiarrhythmic agent in clinical practice. The in vivo efficacy of the R-enantiomer is comparable to that of racemic flecainide, which is used clinically for the management of various cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Standard sodium channel electrophysiology assay: Human Nav1.5 (SCN5A) channels are expressed in HEK293 cells. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings are performed with an external solution containing (in mM): 140 NaCl, 4 KCl, 1 CaCl2, 1 MgCl2, 10 HEPES, 5 glucose (pH 7.4). R-(-)-Flecainide is applied at concentrations ranging from 0.1-100 uM. Sodium currents are elicited by depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -120 mV to -20 mV. Use-dependent block is assessed by applying trains of pulses at frequencies of 1-10 Hz. IC50 for steady-state block is calculated.
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| Cell Assay |
Standard cardiac myocyte electrophysiology assay: Rat neonatal ventricular myocytes or human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are cultured on coverslips. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings are performed to measure action potentials (APs). Cells are superfused with Tyrode's solution at 37degC. R-(-)-Flecainide is applied at concentrations of 1-50 uM. The maximal upstroke velocity (dV/dt max) and action potential duration (APD) are measured. Reduction in dV/dt max indicates sodium channel blockade. Cell viability and contractility are also assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Chloroform-induced ventricular fibrillation in mice[1]
Doses: 9-20 mg/kg Route of Administration: po, single dose Experimental Results: Prevented fibrillation. Animal/Disease Models: Ouabain induced ventricular tachycardia in mongrel dog[1] Doses: 1-3 mg/kg Route of Administration: iv, single dose Experimental Results: Inhibited arrhythmias. Chloroform-induced ventricular fibrillation model in mice: Male ICR mice (20-25 g) are randomized into groups (n=10-15 per group). R-(-)-Flecainide is administered intraperitoneally or intravenously at doses of 0.5-30 mg/kg (ED50 = 14.5 mg/kg). After a predetermined time (e.g., 10-30 min), mice are anesthetized and 0.5 mL of chloroform is inhaled for 15 seconds to induce cardiac sensitization. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation is recorded. Percent protection from ventricular fibrillation is calculated for each dose group, and the ED50 is determined by probit analysis. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No specific PK data for R-(-)-Flecainide as an isolated enantiomer is available. Flecainide, the racemate, has excellent oral bioavailability (approximately 90-95%) and a long elimination half-life (about 20 hours in extensive metabolizers). It is metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP2D6. Approximately 30% is excreted unchanged in urine. The R-enantiomer may have similar or distinct PK properties compared to the S-enantiomer, which would be of interest in stereoselective pharmacology studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Flecainide, the racemate, has a well-established safety profile as an antiarrhythmic drug. Its proarrhythmic effects (worsening of existing arrhythmias or induction of new arrhythmias) are known as the class Ic proarrhythmic effect, which can be serious, particularly in patients with structural heart disease (e.g., after myocardial infarction). The R-enantiomer may have a different safety profile, but comparative data is not provided in the summarized literature. Cardiac and CNS toxicity are also possible at high doses.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
R-(-)-Flecainide (CAS: 99495-90-6) has molecular formula C17H20F6N2O3 and molecular weight 414.34. It is the R-enantiomer of flecainide, a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent. The compound prevents chloroform-induced ventricular fibrillation in mice (ED50 = 14.5 mg/kg). It is indicated for research on cardiac arrhythmias, sodium channel pharmacology, and stereoselective drug action. Appearance: White to off-white solid powder. For research use only, not for human therapeutic applications. Each product in one row, fields tab-separated.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H20F6N2O3
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| Molecular Weight |
414.34
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| Exact Mass |
414.138
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| CAS # |
99495-90-6
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| PubChem CID |
6603850
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.286g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
434.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
216.8ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.457
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| LogP |
4.16
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
500
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
c1cc(c(cc1OCC(F)(F)F)C(=O)NCC2CCCCN2)OCC(F)(F)F
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| InChi Key |
DJBNUMBKLMJRSA-LLVKDONJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H20F6N2O3/c18-16(19,20)9-27-12-4-5-14(28-10-17(21,22)23)13(7-12)15(26)25-8-11-3-1-2-6-24-11/h4-5,7,11,24H,1-3,6,8-10H2,(H,25,26)/t11-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
N-[[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]methyl]-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~241.35 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4135 mL | 12.0674 mL | 24.1348 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4827 mL | 2.4135 mL | 4.8270 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2413 mL | 1.2067 mL | 2.4135 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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