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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Aluminon targets ribonuclease and topoisomerase II through direct enzyme inhibition. It also modulates tyrosine phosphorylation pathways including Jak2/STAT5 in NB2 lymphoma cells, ErbB4 in neuroblastoma cells, and MAP kinases, Shc proteins, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase, and phospholipase C in PC12 cells.
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| ln Vitro |
Aluminon inhibits the enzymatic activity of ribonuclease and topoisomerase II by blocking the binding of nucleic acids to these enzymes. It stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation processes in various cell lines, including the Jak2/STAT5 pathway in NB2 lymphoma cells, ErbB4 in neuroblastoma cells, and multiple signaling molecules in PC12 cells.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for Aluminon are limited. As a biochemical assay reagent and dye, its primary applications remain in analytical chemistry and in vitro research settings. Related aurintricarboxylic acid compounds have been studied for their biological effects, but specific in vivo pharmacological data for Aluminon itself are not well documented in the available literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular enzyme inhibition assay for Aluminon typically involves incubating the compound with purified ribonuclease or topoisomerase II in an appropriate buffer system. Nucleic acid substrate is added, and enzyme activity is measured by following the degradation or relaxation of the substrate. Inhibition is assessed by comparing activity in the presence versus absence of Aluminon, with IC50 values determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Aluminon involve culturing NB2 lymphoma cells, neuroblastoma cells, or PC12 cells in appropriate growth media. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Aluminon, and tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins such as Jak2, STAT5, ErbB4, MAP kinases, and Shc proteins is assessed via immunoblotting with phospho-specific antibodies. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase C activation are measured using standard biochemical assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Specific in vivo animal study protocols for Aluminon are not extensively documented in the literature. As a dye and biochemical reagent, its use is predominantly confined to in vitro analytical and research applications. For toxicological or pharmacological assessment, standard animal models could be employed following established guidelines for compound administration and endpoint evaluation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Aluminon are not well characterized in the literature. As a triammonium salt of aurintricarboxylic acid with high water solubility, it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to its polar nature and large molecular size (MW 473.44). The compound is likely to be rapidly cleared and may not achieve significant systemic exposure following oral administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Aluminon are not extensively reported. As an aurintricarboxylic acid derivative, it may exhibit toxicity related to its enzyme inhibitory properties. The compound has been used as a laboratory reagent, and standard safety precautions should be observed during handling. No specific LD50 values or detailed toxicity profiles were identified in the available literature.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Aluminon (ammonium aurintricarboxylate) is primarily an analytical reagent for aluminum detection. It has additional applications in pigment production. As a potent inhibitor of ribonuclease and topoisomerase II, it serves as a useful tool compound in biochemical research for studying nucleic acid-protein interactions. It is not an approved therapeutic drug and has no clinical trial or marketing authorization status.
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| Molecular Formula |
C22H23N3O9
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
473.43
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| Exact Mass |
473.143
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| CAS # |
569-58-4
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| Related CAS # |
Aurintricarboxylic acid;4431-00-9
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| PubChem CID |
13710524
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
759.6ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
220-225 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
427.1ºC
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| LogP |
3.418
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
841
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1C(=O)O[H])/C(=C1/C([H])=C([H])C(C(C(=O)O[H])=C/1[H])=O)/C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C(=O)O[H])C=1[H])O[H].N([H])([H])[H].N([H])([H])[H].N([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
AIPNSHNRCQOTRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H14O9.3H3N/c23-16-4-1-10(7-13(16)20(26)27)19(11-2-5-17(24)14(8-11)21(28)29)12-3-6-18(25)15(9-12)22(30)31;;;/h1-9,23-24H,(H,26,27)(H,28,29)(H,30,31);3*1H3
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| Chemical Name |
azane;5-[(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(3-carboxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
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| Synonyms |
ATA; Ammonium aurintricarboxylate; Aurintricarboxylic acid ammonium
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1122 mL | 10.5612 mL | 21.1224 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4224 mL | 2.1122 mL | 4.2245 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2112 mL | 1.0561 mL | 2.1122 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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