| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Photoinitiator
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Method for encapsulating Saos-2 cells in photochemically cross-linked CMA hydrogels[1]:
(1) The human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2 cells) was expanded in RPMI medium containing 15% FBS, 1% L-glutamine, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. (2) Cells were suspended in a neutralized CMA solution (containing 0.02% or 0.1% I2959 concentration). (3) 45 µL of cell suspension was added to each well of a 96-well plate, followed by incubation at 37℃ for 30 min for gelation (5000 cells/gel). (4) The gels were exposed to ultraviolet light (365 nm) for two different durations (1 min or 10 min) for photo-crosslinking. Hydrogels not exposed to UV light served as controls for cellular studies. (5) Cell-laden hydrogels were cultured in α-MEM medium containing 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 10% FBS, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin for up to 14 days. |
| Cell Assay |
Saos-2 Cell Encapsulation within Photochemically Crosslinked CMA Hydrogels:[1]
Human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2 cells) were expanded in RPMI culture medium supplemented with 15% FBS, 1% L-glutamine, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. To encapsulate Saos-2 cells (P32) within the CMA hydrogels, cells were first suspended in neutralized CMA solution (with I2959 or VA086 at desired concentrations – 0.02% or 0.1%). Forty five µl of cell suspension was added into each well of a 96-well plate and incubated at 37 °C for 30 min for gelation (5,000 cells/gel). Following this, gels were photocrosslinked by exposing them to UV light (365 nm) for two different times (i.e., 1 min or 10 min). Hydrogels not exposed to UV light were used as controls for cell studies. Cell encapsulated hydrogels were cultured in α-MEM medium supplemented with 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 10% FBS, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin for up to 14 days. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The oral LD50 in rats was 4082 mg/kg. Sensory organs and special senses: color vision: eye; behavior: seizures or effects on the epileptic threshold; lungs, pleura, or respiration: dyspnea. National Technical Information Service, OTS0533940
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Irgacure 2959 (I2959) is widely used as a photoinitiator for photochemical crosslinking of hydrogels. However, the free radicals generated by I2959 have been reported to be highly cytotoxic. This study used two different photoinitiators (I2959 and VA086) to photochemically crosslink methacrylated collagen (CMA) hydrogels and investigated the effects of photoinitiator type, concentration (0.02% and 0.1%), and crosslinking time (1 min and 10 min) on gel morphology, compressive modulus, and stability. Furthermore, Saos-2 cells were encapsulated in the hydrogels, and the effects of photochemical crosslinking conditions on cell viability, metabolic activity, and osteoblast function were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that photochemical crosslinking reduced the porosity of the hydrogel, resulting in a decrease in its water retention capacity compared to the uncrosslinked hydrogel. On the other hand, photochemical crosslinking improved the stability of the CMA hydrogel (p < 0.05). Uniaxial compression tests showed that increasing the concentration of photoinitiator significantly improved the compressive modulus of CMA hydrogel (p < 0.05). Live and dead cell staining results showed that the cell viability of VA086 cross-linked hydrogel was higher than that of I2959 cross-linked hydrogel (p < 0.05), indicating that VA086 has better cell compatibility than I2959. In addition, Alizarin Red S staining showed that cell-mediated mineralization on VA086 cross-linked hydrogel was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), indicating that Saos-2 cells can still maintain their normal function in the presence of VA086. In summary, these results indicate that VA086 is a more biocompatible photoinitiator than I2959 and can be used to generate photochemically cross-linked CMA hydrogels for application in tissue engineering. [1]
|
| Molecular Formula |
C12H16O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
224.26
|
| Exact Mass |
224.105
|
| CAS # |
106797-53-9
|
| PubChem CID |
86266
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
405.0±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
88-90 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
155.8±16.7 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.545
|
| LogP |
0.23
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
16
|
| Complexity |
229
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C(C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])O[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
GJKGAPPUXSSCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H16O4/c1-12(2,15)11(14)9-3-5-10(6-4-9)16-8-7-13/h3-6,13,15H,7-8H2,1-2H3
|
| Chemical Name |
2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methylpropan-1-one
|
| Synonyms |
106797-53-9; 2-Hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone; 2-Hydroxy-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one; 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methylpropan-1-one; Darocur 2959; Irgacure 2959; 2-Hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone; 1-Propanone, 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~445.91 mM; with ultrasonication)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4591 mL | 22.2955 mL | 44.5911 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8918 mL | 4.4591 mL | 8.9182 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4459 mL | 2.2296 mL | 4.4591 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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