| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Bacitracin A targets bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. It forms a complex with long-chain polyprenyl pyrophosphate in the presence of metal ions, dephosphorylating the lipid carrier intermediate C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate. This inhibits the recycling of the lipid carrier, preventing the transport of cell wall precursors and ultimately blocking bacterial cell wall synthesis.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Bacitracin A exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It induces cell wall damage and cell leakage. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) against susceptible strains is 9.1 μg/mL. It is valued for its robust antibacterial properties and minimal risk of promoting resistance compared to some other antibiotics.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Bacitracin A is used in various forms, from topical ointments to injectable solutions. It is effective against Gram-positive bacterial infections. Topical formulations are used for skin infections, while injectable forms are used for systemic infections. It is available for numerous therapeutic uses.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular assay for Bacitracin A involves assessing its ability to bind to polyprenyl pyrophosphate in cell-free systems. Binding affinity can be measured using surface plasmon resonance or isothermal titration calorimetry. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis can be assessed by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into peptidoglycan in vitro.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Bacitracin A involve culturing Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species) in appropriate growth media. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by broth microdilution or agar dilution methods. Bactericidal activity is assessed by time-kill curve analysis.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal study protocols for Bacitracin A involve infection models using Gram-positive pathogens. The compound is administered via topical, subcutaneous, or intravenous routes. Endpoints include survival, bacterial load in tissues, and wound healing. Standard protocols for antibiotic efficacy evaluation are followed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Bacitracin A are characterized by poor oral absorption; it is typically administered parenterally or topically. It is primarily excreted renally. The compound has a short half-life, requiring frequent dosing. Topical application results in minimal systemic absorption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Bacitracin A has been clinically used for many years and has a well-established safety profile. Topical use is generally well-tolerated, with rare hypersensitivity reactions. Systemic use can cause nephrotoxicity, particularly with high doses or prolonged use. Standard precautions should be observed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Bacitracin A is a polypeptide antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is the main active component of bacitracin and is available in topical and injectable forms. It inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by targeting polyprenyl pyrophosphate. It is not a first-line systemic antibiotic due to nephrotoxicity concerns.
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| Molecular Formula |
C66H103N17O16S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1422.69
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| CAS # |
22601-59-8
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| PubChem CID |
10909430
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| Density |
1.43 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1755.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
221 - 225 °C
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| Flash Point |
1015.5ºC
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| LogP |
3.724
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
17
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
21
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
31
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
100
|
| Complexity |
2850
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
15
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| SMILES |
CC[C@@H]([C@H](N)C1=N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H]2CCCCNC([C@@H](NC([C@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@H](NC2=O)CCCN)=O)[C@H](CC)C)=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)=O)CC4=CN=CN4)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)CC(N)=O)=O)=O)[C@H](CC)C)=O)CCC(O)=O)=O)CC(C)C)=O)CS1)C
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7029 mL | 3.5145 mL | 7.0289 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1406 mL | 0.7029 mL | 1.4058 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0703 mL | 0.3514 mL | 0.7029 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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