| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Precocene II targets the corpora allata, the endocrine gland responsible for the synthesis and secretion of juvenile hormone (JH) in insects. It is metabolized by the corpora allata into reactive epoxides or diol derivatives that are cytotoxic to the gland cells, selectively destroying the gland and inhibiting JH production. JH is essential for insect development, reproduction, and metamorphosis. By inhibiting JH biosynthesis, Precocene II disrupts these processes, leading to developmental abnormalities, sterility, and death. It also binds to voltage-dependent anion channels.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Precocene II inhibits juvenile hormone biosynthesis in isolated spontaneously active cockroach corpora allata. It has antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Its activity is assessed by measuring the inhibition of JH production in corpora allata cultures or by assessing its effects on insect cell viability. The compound's ability to be metabolized into cytotoxic epoxides is a key feature of its mechanism of action. Specific IC50 values are not detailed in the provided search results.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Precocene II is highly toxic to adult female Rhodnius prolixus (a blood-feeding insect), and treatment of newly emerged females prevents oogenesis (egg production). It inhibits ovarian development in various insects, including milkweed bugs, cotton stainers, apple maggots, and Mexican bean beetles. Precocene II also inhibits the production of the trichothecene mycotoxin 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON). Its insecticidal and anti-juvenile hormone activities make it a potential insect growth regulator for pest control.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro activity of Precocene II is assessed using insect cell lines or corpora allata cultures. Insect cells (e.g., from Lepidoptera or Diptera) are cultured in appropriate media and treated with various concentrations of Precocene II. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or other standard assays. For JH biosynthesis inhibition studies, corpora allata are dissected from insects and cultured in vitro. The glands are treated with varying concentrations of Precocene II, and the production of JH is measured by radioimmunoassay or HPLC. The formation of reactive metabolites can be assessed by measuring the formation of epoxides or diols.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, insect cell lines or primary insect cell cultures are used. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with various concentrations of Precocene II (typically 1-100 µM) for defined periods. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. The effect on JH biosynthesis can be assessed using corpora allata cultures. The expression of JH biosynthesis enzymes is analyzed by qPCR. The antibacterial and antifungal activities can be assessed using standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, Precocene II is typically applied topically or administered orally to insects. In insect pest control studies, the compound is applied to insects at various doses, and the effects on development, reproduction, and survival are assessed. In studies on JH biosynthesis, the compound is administered to insects, and JH titers in the hemolymph are measured by radioimmunoassay or HPLC. The effects on the corpora allata are assessed by histopathological examination of the gland.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Precocene II has a molecular weight of 220.26 g/mol and a molecular formula of C13H16O3. It is a chromene compound that is soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and ethanol. The compound should be stored as a powder at -20°C under desiccated conditions. Specific pharmacokinetic parameters are not applicable to insects.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Precocene II has been shown to be a carcinogen and non-carcinogen, and its safety profile is not fully established. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions in the laboratory. It is intended for research purposes only and is not approved for human or veterinary use. Comprehensive toxicological studies are required to establish its full safety profile.
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| References |
Furukawa T, Sakamoto N, Suzuki M, Kimura M, Nagasawa H, Sakuda S. Precocene II, a Trichothecene Production Inhibitor, Binds to Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel and Increases the Superoxide Level in Mitochondria of Fusarium graminearum. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 6;10(8):e0135031. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135031. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26248339; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4527739.
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| Additional Infomation |
Precocene dienes are a member of the chromene class of compounds and play an important role in this group. They have been reported to be found in white-flowered sage, stevia, and other organisms with relevant data.
Precocene II is a research compound used to study insect endocrinology and to investigate the role of juvenile hormone in insect development and reproduction. It is an insect growth regulator that has been studied for its potential in pest control. Precocene II is also used as a tool to study the mechanisms of JH biosynthesis and the regulation of insect metamorphosis. The compound is not approved for use as an insecticide and is intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H16O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
220.27
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| Exact Mass |
220.109
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| CAS # |
644-06-4
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| Related CAS # |
Precocene I; 17598-02-6
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| PubChem CID |
12565
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
300.4±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
47.5ºC
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| Flash Point |
100.0±25.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.514
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| LogP |
3.38
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
272
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
PTIDGSWTMLSGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H16O3/c1-13(2)6-5-9-7-11(14-3)12(15-4)8-10(9)16-13/h5-8H,1-4H3
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| Chemical Name |
6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~454.01 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5399 mL | 22.6994 mL | 45.3988 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9080 mL | 4.5399 mL | 9.0798 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4540 mL | 2.2699 mL | 4.5399 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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