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| Targets |
POPSO does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is a biological buffer. Its function is to maintain a stable pH in biological and biochemical systems. As a zwitterionic buffer, it can act as both a proton donor and acceptor, resisting changes in pH when acids or bases are added. Its pKa is approximately 7.8, making it useful for applications in the physiological pH range. POPSO is known to increase osmotic pressure and inhibit anionic single pores, including chloride channels. It also enhances copper uptake and toxicity in algae.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, POPSO is used as a buffering agent in various biochemical and cell biology applications. It is known to increase osmotic pressure and has a significant inhibitory activity against anionic single pores. It inhibits chloride single-pore channels with an IC50 of 24 mM. These properties make it useful for studying ion channels and membrane transport. The buffer also enhances copper uptake and toxicity in algae, which is relevant for studies on metal toxicity. Its zwitterionic nature ensures minimal interference with biological processes.
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| ln Vivo |
POPSO is not used as a therapeutic agent and has no established in vivo pharmacological activity. Its primary application is as a laboratory buffer for in vitro experiments. The compound is used in biochemical research, particularly in studies involving ion channels and membrane transport. It is not administered to animals for therapeutic purposes but is used in the preparation of solutions for biological experiments. Its role is limited to maintaining pH and modulating ionic conditions in experimental systems.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro experiments using POPSO involve preparing buffer solutions at the desired pH. The buffer is typically used at concentrations of 10-50 mM. For studies on ion channels, POPSO is used to control the pH and ionic composition of the solution. It is also used in studies on metal toxicity, where it enhances copper uptake in algae. The buffer is soluble in water and is typically stored as a powder at room temperature. The pH of the buffer solution can be adjusted with acid or base as needed.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using POPSO are performed to study its effects on ion channels and membrane transport. Cells are cultured in media buffered with POPSO, and the activity of ion channels is measured using electrophysiological techniques such as patch-clamp. The compound's ability to inhibit chloride channels can be assessed. The buffer's effects on copper uptake and toxicity can be studied in algal or other cell cultures. The compound is typically dissolved in water and added to the cell culture medium.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments using POPSO are not typical as the compound is a research buffer rather than a therapeutic agent. However, POPSO-buffered solutions may be used in animal studies for the administration of other compounds where pH control is critical. When used in animal studies, POPSO would be formulated as a buffered saline solution for injection or oral administration. The compound's primary role is to maintain pH stability in administered solutions rather than to exert any pharmacological effect.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a biological buffer, POPSO does not have established pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. When used in in vitro experiments, the compound remains in the buffer solution and does not undergo metabolic transformation. In cell culture applications, POPSO helps maintain extracellular pH without being significantly taken up by cells. The compound's zwitterionic nature and low cell membrane permeability limit its cellular uptake. For long-term storage, the compound is kept at room temperature in a dry place.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
POPSO is generally considered to have low toxicity as a biological buffer. The compound is not intended for human or veterinary use and is classified for research purposes only. Safety data sheets indicate that standard laboratory handling precautions should be followed, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions. Acute toxicity data are limited, but as a zwitterionic buffer, it is not expected to be highly toxic. In cell culture applications, POPSO is used at concentrations that are compatible with cell viability and growth.
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| Additional Infomation |
POPSO (CAS 68189-43-5) is a zwitterionic buffer. It has the molecular formula C10H22N2O8S2 and a molecular weight of 362.42 g/mol. The compound is also known as piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid). POPSO increases osmotic pressure and has a significant inhibitory activity against anionic single pores. It inhibits chloride single-pore channels with an IC50 of 24 mM. POPSO enhances copper uptake and toxicity in algae and impairs the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is used as a buffer in biochemical research, particularly in studies involving ion channels and membrane transport. The compound is intended for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H22N2O8S2
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| Molecular Weight |
362.4203
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| Exact Mass |
362.081
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| CAS # |
68189-43-5
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| PubChem CID |
109211
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
320°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.593
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| LogP |
-4.05
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
480
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S(C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])S(=O)(=O)O[H])O[H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H])O[H])(=O)(=O)O[H]
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| InChi Key |
LVQFQZZGTZFUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H22N2O8S2/c13-9(7-21(15,16)17)5-11-1-2-12(4-3-11)6-10(14)8-22(18,19)20/h9-10,13-14H,1-8H2,(H,15,16,17)(H,18,19,20)
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| Chemical Name |
2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)piperazin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
1M NaOH : 100 mg/mL (~275.92 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7592 mL | 13.7961 mL | 27.5923 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5518 mL | 2.7592 mL | 5.5185 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2759 mL | 1.3796 mL | 2.7592 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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