Polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether does not have a specific molecular target but functions as a surfactant. As a nonionic surfactant, it reduces surface tension and interfacial tension between liquids and solids, facilitating the formation of emulsions and dispersions. The compound's amphiphilic structure, with a hydrophilic PEG chain and a lipophilic isotridecyl group, allows it to partition at interfaces and stabilize emulsions. Its surfactant properties make it useful in various applications, including cleaning, industrial processes, and agriculture. The compound's mechanism of action is physical rather than pharmacological.

In vitro, polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether is used as a surfactant in various biochemical and cell biology applications. It is used to solubilize hydrophobic compounds, stabilize emulsions, and facilitate the delivery of lipophilic molecules. Its surfactant activity is concentration-dependent, with effective concentrations typically in the range of 0.01-1% (w/v). The compound's critical micelle concentration (CMC) depends on the length of the PEG chain. In cell culture, it may be used as a component of formulations for drug delivery or as a solubilizing agent. The compound is not typically used in pharmacological assays.

In vivo, polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether is not used as a therapeutic agent. It is used in various industrial and agricultural applications. The compound's in vivo effects are primarily related to its surfactant properties, which can cause irritation upon contact with skin or mucous membranes. Systemic absorption is expected to be minimal due to its high molecular weight and hydrophilic nature. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use. It is for research and industrial use only.

The in vitro surfactant activity assay for polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether typically measures surface tension using a tensiometer or by measuring the contact angle on a solid surface. The compound is dissolved in water at varying concentrations (typically 0.001-1% w/v), and the surface tension is measured using the Wilhelmy plate method or pendant drop method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is determined from the inflection point of the surface tension versus concentration curve. Emulsification activity is assessed by mixing the compound with oil and water and measuring the stability of the emulsion over time. For quality control, the compound is analyzed by HPLC or GC to determine purity and ethylene oxide distribution. All experiments include appropriate controls.

For in vitro cellular assays, cells are treated with polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether at concentrations ranging from 0.001-1% (w/v) for 1-24 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays to evaluate potential cytotoxicity. Membrane permeability is assessed using fluorescent membrane-impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide or trypan blue. For drug delivery studies, the compound may be used as a component of formulations to enhance the solubility and delivery of lipophilic drugs. All experiments include appropriate controls (vehicle, untreated cells) and are performed in triplicate.

For in vivo studies, polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether may be administered to animals via oral gavage or dermal application at doses ranging from 10 to 1000 mg/kg. However, specific in vivo protocols for this compound are not well-documented in publicly available sources. The compound is primarily used in industrial and agricultural applications rather than in animal studies. If used in research, skin irritation and systemic toxicity would be assessed. All animal procedures should be conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 15 minutes after intravenous administration. Elimination route is not specified. Volume of distribution after intravenous administration is 35-82 L. Systemic clearance is 0.2-0.4 L/min. Metabolism/Metabolites Metabolism has not been determined. Biological Half-Life The half-life is approximately 1.5 hours.

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The pharmacokinetic properties of polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether have not been extensively characterized. The compound has a high molecular weight due to the PEG chain and is expected to have very low oral bioavailability due to its large size and hydrophilic nature. Following dermal exposure, minimal absorption is expected. If absorbed, the compound would be distributed to tissues and eliminated primarily via renal excretion. Due to its industrial use, comprehensive PK data are limited. The compound is not used as a therapeutic agent.

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Use During Lactation
There is currently no information regarding the clinical use of polidocanol during lactation. While polidocanol is unlikely to have adverse effects on breastfed infants, international guidelines recommend suspending breastfeeding for 2 days after sclerotherapy.
◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants
No published information found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk
No published information found as of the revision date.

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Protein Binding
Plasma protein binding was not measured.

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The toxicology of polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether has been partially characterized. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of aerosols may cause respiratory irritation. In acute oral toxicity studies, the compound shows low toxicity, with LD50 values typically >2,000 mg/kg in rodents. The compound is not genotoxic in standard in vitro assays. Environmental toxicity data indicate moderate toxicity to aquatic organisms. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. It is for research and industrial use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use.

Polidocanol is a hydroxyl polyether, a derivative of nonyl glycol, with its terminal hydroxyl group replaced by a dodecyl (lauryl) group. It is a nonionic surfactant, hepatotoxic drug, and sclerosing agent. Its function is similar to that of nonyl glycol. Polidocanol is a sclerosing agent suitable for treating simple spider veins (varicose veins ≤1 mm in diameter) and simple reticular veins (varicose veins 1 to 3 mm in diameter) of the lower extremities. Its trade names are Asclera and Varitena. The structural formula of Polidocanol is C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOH, with an average degree of polymerization (n) of approximately 9 and an average molecular weight of approximately 600. Polidocanol is a lauryl alkyl polyethylene glycol ether with sclerosing effects and potential antitumor activity. Intralesional injection of Polidocanol can induce endothelial cell damage by disrupting calcium signaling and nitric oxide pathways. Following endothelial injury, platelets aggregate at the site of injury and attach to the vein wall, forming a dense network of platelets, cell debris, and fibrin that obstructs the vessel. Inducing endothelial cell damage in melanoma metastases may trigger an antitumor response in untreated peripheral lesions and inhibit the growth of metastases and other skin lesions.
See also: Ethylene oxide (containing monomers)...See more...
Drug Indications
Polydocaine is a sclerosing agent indicated for the treatment of simple spider angiomas and simple reticular veins of the lower extremities.
FDA Label
Mechanism of Action
After administration, polidocaine locally damages the vascular endothelium. Following endothelial injury, platelets aggregate at the site of injury and attach to the vein wall, eventually forming a dense network of platelets, cell debris, and fibrin that obstructs the vessel. Eventually, the vessel is replaced by connective tissue fibrous tissue.
Pharmacodynamics
Polydocaine has a concentration- and volume-dependent damaging effect on the vascular endothelium.

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Polyethylene glycol monoisotridecyl ether is a nonionic surfactant used in cleaning, industrial, agricultural, and other fields. It has a general formula of (C2H4O)nC13H28O. The compound is not approved for human use and is intended for research and industrial purposes only. It is available as a research-grade reagent for laboratory use.

C30H62O10

582.80728

582.434

9043-30-5

9043-30-5

656641

Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：1.05 g/cm3）

1.05 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

615.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

41-45ºC(lit.)

326.3±30.1 °C

0.0±4.0 mmHg at 25°C

n20/D 1.461

2.18

1

10

37

40

431

0

OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC

ONJQDTZCDSESIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C30H62O10/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-13-32-15-17-34-19-21-36-23-25-38-27-29-40-30-28-39-26-24-37-22-20-35-18-16-33-14-12-31/h31H,2-30H2,1H3

2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)