| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Platycodin D3 targets multiple pathways involved in viral replication and inflammation. It inhibits NF-κB, a key transcription factor in inflammatory signaling. The compound also has anti-HCV activity, suggesting that it targets viral proteins or host factors required for HCV replication. Its expectorant effects are mediated through the regulation of airway mucin production and secretion. As a triterpenoid saponin, platycodin D3 may also interact with cell membranes and modulate membrane-associated signaling pathways. Its ability to inhibit NF-κB suggests potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory diseases, while its anti-HCV activity indicates potential in antiviral therapy.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that platycodin D3 has anti-HCV activity. It functions as an NF-κB inhibitor. The compound can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin in various cell-based models. Its ability to inhibit NF-κB and HCV replication makes it a valuable tool for studying inflammation and viral hepatitis. However, detailed in vitro potency data, such as IC₅₀ values for HCV inhibition or NF-κB inhibition, are not extensively documented in the available literature.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, platycodin D3 can be used as an expectorant in a variety of lung inflammatory diseases. Its ability to regulate airway mucin production and secretion contributes to its expectorant effects. The compound's anti-HCV activity suggests potential therapeutic applications in hepatitis C virus infection. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy and safety studies for platycodin D3 as a single agent are limited. The compound's natural occurrence in Platycodon grandiflorum, which has a long history of use in traditional medicine, supports its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays for platycodin D3 typically involve measuring NF-κB inhibition using cell-free systems. The compound is incubated with NF-κB p50 or p65 subunits and a DNA probe containing the NF-κB consensus sequence, and the inhibition of DNA binding is measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) or ELISA-based assays. Anti-HCV activity can be assessed using cell-free assays measuring the activity of HCV enzymes such as protease or polymerase. These assays provide quantitative data on the compound's direct interactions with its molecular targets.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for platycodin D3 use various cell lines to study its biological activities. For anti-HCV studies, HCV replicon cell lines or HCV-infected cells are used, and viral replication is measured by qPCR or luciferase reporter assays. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophages or other immune cells stimulated with LPS are used, and NF-κB activation is measured by luciferase reporter assay or Western blotting for phospho-IκBα. The production of inflammatory cytokines is measured by ELISA. For expectorant studies, airway epithelial cells are used, and mucin production and secretion are measured by ELISA or Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for platycodin D3 would likely employ models of HCV infection (though HCV does not infect rodents, transgenic or xenograft models may be used), inflammatory pulmonary diseases, or cough/expectorant models. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and parameters such as viral load, inflammatory cytokine levels, mucin production, and histopathology of lung tissues are assessed. For expectorant studies, the compound's effects on airway mucin production and secretion are evaluated. Pharmacokinetic studies in these models provide information about the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Platycodin D3 has a molecular weight of 1387.46 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₆₃H₁₀₂O₃₃. It is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum. The compound has a purity of 98.91%. It is also known by various synonyms and is commercially available as a research compound. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have not been extensively characterized. As a saponin with a high molecular weight, platycodin D3 is expected to have poor oral bioavailability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of platycodin D3 has not been comprehensively evaluated in published studies. As a natural saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum, which has a long history of use in traditional medicine, it is generally considered to have low to moderate toxicity. Saponins can have hemolytic activity and may cause gastrointestinal irritation at high doses. The compound's ability to inhibit NF-κB suggests that it may have significant biological effects that require careful evaluation. The compound is classified as a research reagent and is not intended for human therapeutic use without further safety evaluation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, Platycodon grandiflorus contains platycodin D3, and there is relevant data.
Platycodin D3 is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum. It exhibits anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity and functions as an NF-κB inhibitor. The compound can be used as an expectorant in a variety of lung inflammatory diseases and regulate the production and secretion of mucin in the airway. Platycodin D3 has a molecular weight of 1387.46 g/mol and a purity of 98.91%. Also known as 桔梗皂苷 D3. Not approved for clinical use; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C63H102O33
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1387.4642
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| Exact Mass |
1385.62
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| CAS # |
67884-03-1
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| PubChem CID |
75251137
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-5.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
20
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
33
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
18
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| Heavy Atom Count |
96
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| Complexity |
2710
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
XHKCYIRZWRRXNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C63H102O33/c1-24-45(92-51-44(81)46(29(70)18-85-51)93-55-48(82)62(84,22-67)23-88-55)40(77)43(80)52(89-24)94-47-35(72)28(69)17-86-54(47)96-56(83)63-12-11-57(2,3)13-26(63)25-7-8-32-58(4)14-27(68)49(61(20-65,21-66)33(58)9-10-59(32,5)60(25,6)15-34(63)71)95-53-42(79)39(76)37(74)31(91-53)19-87-50-41(78)38(75)36(73)30(16-64)90-50/h7,24,26-55,64-82,84H,8-23H2,1-6H3
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| Chemical Name |
[3-[5-[4-[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 5,11-dihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,12a-pentamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~72.07 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7207 mL | 3.6037 mL | 7.2074 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1441 mL | 0.7207 mL | 1.4415 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0721 mL | 0.3604 mL | 0.7207 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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