| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Platycodin A targets multiple cellular pathways involved in immune modulation and cancer cell proliferation. As a triterpene saponin, it modulates immune responses, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. The compound's mechanism of action likely involves modulation of cell signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB, though its precise molecular targets have not been definitively identified. Its immunomodulatory and anticancer activities make it a valuable tool for studying natural product pharmacology and for developing novel therapeutics.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, platycodin A exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. The compound's activity is concentration-dependent, with effective concentrations typically in the micromolar range. In cell-based assays, platycodin A modulates immune responses and inhibits the growth of various cancer cell lines. Its immunomodulatory and anticancer activities make it a valuable tool for studying natural product pharmacology. Detailed IC50 values for specific cancer cell lines are limited in publicly available sources.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, platycodin A has been studied in preclinical models of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Its ability to modulate immune responses and inhibit tumor growth makes it a promising candidate for further development. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data and pharmacokinetic profiles are limited in publicly available sources. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for studying natural product pharmacology. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential, dosing regimens, and safety profile in vivo.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assays for platycodin A typically involve cell viability assays using cancer cell lines. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with varying concentrations of platycodin A (typically 1 to 100 µM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Apoptosis is quantified by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activity assays. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. For immune modulation studies, immune cells are treated with the compound, and cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Positive controls (e.g., known anticancer agents) and negative controls (DMSO vehicle) are included in each assay run.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, cancer cell lines or immune cells are treated with platycodin A at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Apoptosis is quantified by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activity assays. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) is measured by ELISA. For mechanism studies, the effects of the compound on MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways are assessed by Western blotting. All experiments include appropriate controls and are performed in triplicate.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, platycodin A may be administered to rodents via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses ranging from 1 to 50 mg/kg. However, specific in vivo protocols for platycodin A are not well-documented in publicly available sources. The compound may be used in models of cancer, inflammation, or immune modulation. Tissue samples are collected for histological analysis and measurement of inflammatory markers. All animal procedures should be conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of platycodin A have not been extensively characterized. The compound has a molecular weight of 1267.36 and a molecular formula of C59H94O29. Following oral administration, it is expected to have limited bioavailability due to its large molecular weight and poor aqueous solubility. Metabolism is primarily via deglycosylation and phase II conjugation. The compound is eliminated primarily via biliary and renal excretion. Due to its natural product origin, comprehensive PK data are limited. Further studies are needed for detailed characterization.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preclinical toxicology studies of platycodin A are limited. As a natural saponin, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile. In acute toxicity studies, the compound is tolerated at moderate doses with no significant adverse effects. In repeat-dose studies, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) has not been definitively established. No significant organ toxicity or hematological abnormalities are reported at pharmacological doses. The compound shows no evidence of genotoxicity in standard in vitro assays. The safety profile supports further preclinical development, though comprehensive toxicology studies are needed to fully assess the compound's safety for potential clinical advancement. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human use.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2''O-acetylplatycogenin D is a triterpenoid saponin that acts as a metabolite. It has been reported that 2''O-acetylplatycogenin D is present in Platycodon grandiflorus, and relevant data are available for reference.
Platycodin A is a monoacetylated saponin isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum roots. It modulates immune responses, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis. The compound is not approved for human use and has not entered clinical trials. It is available as a high-purity research reagent (≥98%) for laboratory use only. Its immunomodulatory and anticancer activities make it a valuable tool for studying natural product pharmacology and for developing novel therapeutics. |
| Molecular Formula |
C59H94O29
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1267.3603
|
| Exact Mass |
1266.59
|
| CAS # |
66779-34-8
|
| PubChem CID |
46173910
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
-3.1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
16
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
29
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
17
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
88
|
| Complexity |
2510
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
31
|
| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](CO[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@]34CCC(C[C@H]3C5=CC[C@H]6[C@]([C@@]5(C[C@H]4O)C)(CC[C@@H]7[C@@]6(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C7(CO)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO9)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@](CO1)(CO)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
CNHZRRBWLMSLDX-WNHLAMKZSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C59H94O29/c1-24-41(84-47-40(74)42(30(67)19-78-47)85-51-45(75)58(77,22-63)23-80-51)39(73)44(82-25(2)64)50(81-24)86-43-35(69)29(66)18-79-49(43)88-52(76)59-13-12-53(3,4)14-27(59)26-8-9-32-54(5)15-28(65)46(87-48-38(72)37(71)36(70)31(17-60)83-48)57(20-61,21-62)33(54)10-11-55(32,6)56(26,7)16-34(59)68/h8,24,27-51,60-63,65-75,77H,9-23H2,1-7H3/t24-,27-,28-,29-,30+,31+,32+,33+,34+,35-,36+,37-,38+,39+,40+,41-,42-,43+,44+,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,54+,55+,56+,58+,59+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3-acetyloxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-5,11-dihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,12a-pentamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7890 mL | 3.9452 mL | 7.8904 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1578 mL | 0.7890 mL | 1.5781 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0789 mL | 0.3945 mL | 0.7890 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
