| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
Pivopril targets angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Upon hydrolysis, the free sulfhydryl metabolite competitively binds to and inhibits ACE. This prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. The inhibition of angiotensin II formation prevents its potent vasoconstrictive actions, resulting in vasodilation. Pivopril also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, leading to increased sodium excretion and subsequent water outflow.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro activity data for Pivopril involve ACE inhibition assays demonstrating its competitive binding to the enzyme. The compound is an N-acyl amino acid that functions as an ACE inhibitor. Upon hydrolysis, the free SH metabolite competitively binds to and inhibits ACE. The compound’s activity is characterized by its ability to block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in biochemical assays.
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| ln Vivo |
For oral angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in rats and dogs as well as for antihypertensive efficacy in rats, captopril and pivalopril, a novel molecule with a hindered sulfur group, have been evaluated. In various groups of conscious normotensive rats, rivacapril (0.03-1.0 mg/kg, orally [po]) demonstrated dose-related inhibition of angiotensin I (AngI)-induced pressor effects. Both captopril and rivastigmine have an ED50 of 0.1 mg/kg. Pivalopril causes a dose-related antagonistic impact on the pressor effects of AngI in conscious, normotensive dogs when administered orally in increments of 0.01–1.0 mg/kg. Pitavapril's ED50 is 0.17 mg/kg, while captopril's ED50 is 0.06 mg/kg. Both chemicals act for about the same amount of time at identical doses. In sodium-deficient, consciously hypertensive rats (SHR), rivalevopril (1–100 mg/kg, po) reduces mean arterial pressure in a dose-related manner. Similar to captopril in terms of potency and longevity. When given orally for five days, pivalopril (100 mg/kg daily) was found to be more effective in lowering mean arterial pressure in sodium-repleted SHR patients than captopril (100 mg/kg daily). It was determined that pivalopril is an effective ACE inhibitor and antihypertensive medication that may be used orally [2].
Pivopril demonstrates potent, orally effective ACE inhibition and antihypertensive activity in animal models. It has been evaluated for oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in rats and dogs and antihypertensive activity in rats. The compound shows efficacy in managing high blood pressure. As an orally active ACE inhibitor, Pivopril produces antihypertensive effects through systemic ACE inhibition and reduced angiotensin II production. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Specific cell-free enzyme/receptor binding assay protocols for Pivopril involve ACE inhibition assays. The compound’s free sulfhydryl metabolite is tested for its ability to competitively inhibit ACE activity using synthetic substrates such as hippuryl-histidyl-leucine. Enzyme activity is measured spectrophotometrically by detecting the cleavage product. IC50 values can be determined by measuring ACE inhibition at various concentrations of the active metabolite.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Pivopril are not extensively documented. The compound’s primary mechanism of action is through ACE inhibition, which is typically assessed in cell-free enzymatic assays rather than cell-based systems. Studies may evaluate the compound’s effects on angiotensin II production in cell lines expressing ACE. The compound’s antihypertensive effects are primarily characterized through in vivo models.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Pivopril have evaluated its oral ACE inhibition and antihypertensive activity in rats and dogs. The compound is a potent, orally effective ACE inhibitor and antihypertensive agent. Oral administration in rats and dogs demonstrates ACE inhibition and blood pressure reduction. The compound’s efficacy in managing hypertension has been established through these preclinical models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Detailed pharmacokinetic properties of Pivopril are not extensively reported. The compound has a molecular formula of C16H27NO4S and a molecular weight of 329.45 g/mol. It is soluble in DMSO and appears as a solid powder. Pivopril is an orally active prodrug. Upon oral administration, it is hydrolyzed to release the active sulfhydryl metabolite that inhibits ACE. The compound’s oral bioavailability and metabolic stability are key features of its pharmacological profile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicological data for Pivopril are not detailed in the available literature. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human therapeutic use. As an ACE inhibitor, expected adverse effects would include cough, angioedema, and hyperkalemia, consistent with other agents in this class. Formal toxicological profiles are not detailed in the available sources.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pivopril is an N-acyl amino acid. It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive effects. The free sulfhydryl metabolite produced after pivopril hydrolysis competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This inhibits the potent vasoconstrictive effect of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation. Pivopril can also reduce adrenal cortex secretion of aldosterone for angiotensin II, thereby increasing sodium excretion and consequently increasing water excretion.
Pivopril (CAS 81045-50-3), also known as Pivalopril, is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. It is a prodrug that, upon hydrolysis, produces a free sulfhydryl metabolite that competitively binds to and inhibits ACE. The compound has been evaluated for oral ACE inhibition in rats and dogs and antihypertensive activity in rats. No clinical trial or approved indication data are available in the provided sources. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H27NO4S
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| Molecular Weight |
329.454883813858
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| Exact Mass |
329.166
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 58.33; H, 8.26; N, 4.25; O, 19.42; S, 9.73
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| CAS # |
81045-50-3
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| PubChem CID |
6917956
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.16g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
490.431°C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
250.4±26.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.531
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| LogP |
2.784
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
424
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C[C@H](CSC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N(CC(=O)O)C1CCCC1
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| InChi Key |
XRKXJJYSKUIIEN-LLVKDONJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H27NO4S/c1-11(10-22-15(21)16(2,3)4)14(20)17(9-13(18)19)12-7-5-6-8-12/h11-12H,5-10H2,1-4H3,(H,18,19)/t11-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-[cyclopentyl-[(2S)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]acetic acid
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| Synonyms |
PIVOPRIL; 81045-50-3; REV 3659-(S); REV-3659 (S); RHC 3659-(S); RHC-3659; RHC3659; RHC 3659;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~90 mg/mL (~273.18 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0354 mL | 15.1768 mL | 30.3536 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6071 mL | 3.0354 mL | 6.0707 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3035 mL | 1.5177 mL | 3.0354 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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