| Targets |
Phytic acid sodium salt targets multiple pathways including endogenous metabolism, amyloid-β, and autophagy. As a [PO₄]³⁻ storage depot, it serves as a precursor for inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. The compound attenuates Aβ oligomers and upregulates autophagy proteins such as beclin-1. It modulates tight junction protein localization and expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Phytic acid sodium salt has been shown to stimulate spontaneous human erythrocyte death. It exhibits diverse biological activities affecting calcium signaling, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation pathways, making it relevant to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, neurological disorders, and cancer research.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, phytic acid sodium salt (0.05%-0.4% wt/wt, 5 min) exhibits synergistic bactericidal effects with sodium chloride against acid-adapted and non-adapted E. coli O157:H7 strains. At concentrations of 1-5 mM for 2-3 hours, it reduces Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity by modulating tight junction protein localization and expression without causing cytotoxicity. At 48-72 hours, it provides complete protection against amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragment-induced cytotoxicity by attenuating calcium, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and Aβ oligomer levels, while moderately upregulating autophagy protein expression (beclin-1). At ≥1 mM, it stimulates spontaneous human erythrocyte death. Cell viability assays show >90% viability at 1-5 mM concentrations.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, phytic acid sodium salt (2% in drinking water, 6 months) improves Alzheimer's disease pathology in Tg2576 mice, affecting AP180, beclin-1, LC3B, and sirtuin 1. At 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (5 hours pretreatment before coronary occlusion), it inhibits myocardial ischemia-induced hydroxyl radical generation in rats. At 100 mg/kg/day orally (5 days/week, 8 weeks), it protects against CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis in mice. At 4% in feed (30 days), it reduces lipogenic enzyme activity in diabetic rats. At 2% in feed (21 days), it reduces pig growth performance partly due to decreased intestinal Na absorption. These findings demonstrate its potential in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, and hepatic diseases.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cellular) assays for phytic acid sodium salt are not standard as the compound is a phosphate storage molecule rather than a traditional enzyme inhibitor. However, the compound can be studied for its metal-chelating properties, as phytic acid binds divalent and trivalent cations. Chelation assays typically involve incubating phytic acid sodium salt with metal ions such as Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, or Ca²⁺ in buffer solutions, followed by measurement of free metal ions using colorimetric indicators or atomic absorption spectroscopy. The compound's ability to interact with Aβ oligomers may be assessed using biophysical methods such as surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence polarization, or Thioflavin T fluorescence assays. These assays help characterize the compound's molecular interactions and mechanism of action.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments with phytic acid sodium salt are performed using various cell lines. Caco-2 cells are treated with 1-5 mM phytic acid sodium salt for 3 hours to assess tight junction integrity. MC65 cells are treated for 48-72 hours to evaluate protection against amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragment-induced cytotoxicity. Erythrocyte death assays use ≥1 mM concentrations. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays. Autophagy markers such as beclin-1 and LC3B are measured by Western blot. For bactericidal studies, E. coli O157:H7 is treated with 0.05%-0.4% phytic acid sodium salt. Cells are maintained at 37°C in 5% CO₂ with appropriate media supplements.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with phytic acid sodium salt have been conducted in multiple models. Tg2576 mice received 2% phytic acid sodium salt in drinking water for 6 months to assess Alzheimer's disease pathology. Rats received 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally 5 hours before coronary occlusion to evaluate myocardial ischemia protection. Mice received 100 mg/kg/day orally (5 days/week, 8 weeks) for CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis studies. Diabetic rats received 4% in feed for 30 days to assess lipogenic enzyme activity. Pigs received 2% in feed for 21 days. Endpoints include histopathology, biochemical markers (Aβ, beclin-1, LC3B, sirtuin 1), oxidative stress markers, and enzyme activities. These studies demonstrate oral bioavailability and diverse therapeutic potential.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of phytic acid sodium salt indicate oral activity. The compound has molecular weight approximately 923.82 g/mol with formula C₆H₁₈O₂₄P₆·xNa. It is soluble in water: 100 mg/mL with ultrasonic and warming to 41°C. Storage: 4°C, sealed, away from moisture; in solvent: -80°C for 6 months or -20°C for 1 month. The compound is gradually hydrolyzed by phytase. As a highly polar phosphate ester, it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability, though studies demonstrate oral activity. It is metabolized by hydrolysis to inositol phosphates. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters require further investigation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for phytic acid sodium salt indicates the compound has anti-nutritional effects due to its ability to chelate minerals. At 2% in feed for 21 days, it reduced pig growth performance partly due to decreased intestinal sodium absorption. However, no significant cytotoxicity was observed at 1-5 mM concentrations in Caco-2 cells. The compound is considered safe for research use at appropriate concentrations. Standard safety precautions for handling research chemicals apply, including use of personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles, lab coat) and working in a well-ventilated area. Purity is typically ≥80%. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
It is a complexing agent used to remove trace heavy metal ions. It also has a calcium-lowering effect.
Phytic acid sodium salt (CAS 14306-25-3) is a plant phosphate storage compound present in all eukaryotic cells. It has molecular formula C₆H₁₈O₂₄P₆·xNa and molecular weight approximately 923.82 g/mol. The compound functions as a [PO₄]³⁻ storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. It attenuates Aβ oligomers and upregulates autophagy proteins. Phytic acid sodium salt is used in research on cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, neurological disorders, and cancer. Also known as myo-Inositol hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) sodium salt and inositol hexaphosphate sodium salt. Purity: ≥80%. Storage: 4°C sealed, away from moisture. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H6NA12O24P6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
923.8173
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| Exact Mass |
923.644
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| CAS # |
14306-25-3
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| PubChem CID |
66391
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
1190.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
673.9ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
2.125
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
24
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
48
|
| Complexity |
749
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1(C(C(C(C(C1OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
KETSPIPODMGOEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-B
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H18O24P6.12Na/c7-31(8,9)25-1-2(26-32(10,11)12)4(28-34(16,17)18)6(30-36(22,23)24)5(29-35(19,20)21)3(1)27-33(13,14)15;;;;;;;;;;;;/h1-6H,(H2,7,8,9)(H2,10,11,12)(H2,13,14,15)(H2,16,17,18)(H2,19,20,21)(H2,22,23,24);;;;;;;;;;;;/q;12*+1/p-12
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| Chemical Name |
dodecasodium;(2,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphonatooxycyclohexyl) phosphate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0825 mL | 5.4123 mL | 10.8246 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2165 mL | 1.0825 mL | 2.1649 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1082 mL | 0.5412 mL | 1.0825 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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