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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Phthalylsulfathiazole targets bacterial enzymes involved in folate synthesis. As a sulfonamide antibiotic, it acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is essential for the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria. By inhibiting folate synthesis, it prevents bacterial growth and replication. Its mechanism is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. It primarily targets gram-negative bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract.
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| ln Vitro |
Phthalylsulfathiazole demonstrates antibacterial activity in vitro against a range of gram-negative bacteria. Its activity is assessed by standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. As a sulfonamide, it is bacteriostatic, inhibiting bacterial growth by blocking folate synthesis. Its activity is primarily localized to the gastrointestinal tract due to its poor systemic absorption. Specific MIC values are available in the literature.
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| ln Vivo |
Phthalylsulfathiazole is used clinically for the treatment of intestinal infections including dysentery, colitis, and gastroenteritis. It is also used in intestinal surgery to prevent infection. As it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, it acts locally in the gut. Its in vivo efficacy has been established through clinical use. It is administered orally.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Phthalylsulfathiazole does not have established receptor binding assay protocols. Its antibacterial activity is assessed by standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods (broth microdilution or agar diffusion). Physical properties: molecular weight 403.43 g/mol; molecular formula C17H13N3O5S2; appearance: white or yellowish-white crystalline powder; melting point: 272-277°C (dec); solubility: practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in dimethylformamide, slightly soluble in acetone and ethanol; storage: keep in dark place, sealed in dry, room temperature.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular antibacterial activity is evaluated in bacterial cultures using standard microbiological methods. Broth microdilution assays are performed in 96-well plates with appropriate media (e.g., Mueller-Hinton broth). Bacterial strains are cultured to logarithmic phase and diluted to a standard inoculum. Phthalylsulfathiazole is serially diluted and added to wells. Plates are incubated at 35°C for 16-20 hours. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values are determined as the lowest concentration causing complete inhibition of visible growth. Each experiment includes quality control strains and appropriate controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of intestinal infection. Phthalylsulfathiazole is administered orally at doses determined by preclinical studies. Bacterial burden in the gastrointestinal tract is quantified by CFU plating. Clinical symptoms (diarrhea, weight loss) are monitored. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group. Clinical studies have been conducted for the treatment of dysentery, colitis, and gastroenteritis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Phthalylsulfathiazole has a molecular weight of 403.43 g/mol and a molecular formula of C17H13N3O5S2. Melting point: 272-277°C (dec). Solubility: practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in dimethylformamide, slightly soluble in acetone and ethanol. Storage: keep in dark place, sealed in dry, room temperature. As a poorly absorbed antibiotic, it acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract with minimal systemic absorption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phthalylsulfathiazole is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and rash. As a sulfonamide, it is contraindicated in patients with sulfonamide hypersensitivity. Standard toxicology studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile for its approved uses. It is approved for clinical use in many countries for intestinal infections.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Phthalosulfathiazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic containing a 2-carboxybenzamide and a 1,3-thiazol-2-yl structure. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis, and intestinal surgery. It belongs to the 1,3-thiazole, dicarboxylic acid monoamide, and sulfonamide classes. Its structure is similar to phthalic acid. Phthalosulfathiazole is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the sulfonamide class. It has been used as an antibiotic for intestinal surgery and colonic infections. Phthalosulfathiazole is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Phthalosulfathiazole is used to treat dysentery, colitis, and gastroenteritis.
Phthalylsulfathiazole is also known as 4'-(2-Thiazolylsulfamyl)phthalanilic acid, N4-Phthalylsulfathiazole, and PST. Its IUPAC name is 2-[[4-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]benzoic acid. It is a sulfonamide antibiotic used for dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis, and intestinal surgery. It is approved for clinical use in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H13N3O5S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
403.4322
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| Exact Mass |
403.029
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| CAS # |
85-73-4
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| Related CAS # |
85-73-4 (free);63868-70-2 (sodium);
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| PubChem CID |
4806
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
579ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
198-204°C
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| Flash Point |
304ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.715
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| LogP |
1.54
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
643
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
PBMSWVPMRUJMPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H13N3O5S2/c21-15(13-3-1-2-4-14(13)16(22)23)19-11-5-7-12(8-6-11)27(24,25)20-17-18-9-10-26-17/h1-10H,(H,18,20)(H,19,21)(H,22,23)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[[4-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]benzoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 40 mg/mL (~99.15 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4787 mL | 12.3937 mL | 24.7874 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4957 mL | 2.4787 mL | 4.9575 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2479 mL | 1.2394 mL | 2.4787 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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