| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| 50g |
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| 100g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
The molecular targets of Phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide are not biological targets, as the compound is a photoinitiator used in polymer chemistry rather than a pharmaceutical agent. In UV curing applications, BAPO functions as a type I photoinitiator that undergoes photolysis upon exposure to UV or visible light to generate free radicals. Upon absorption of light, the compound undergoes cleavage of the phosphorus-carbon bond, producing two benzoyl radicals and a phosphinoyl radical. These radicals then initiate the polymerization of acrylate or methacrylate monomers by adding to the carbon-carbon double bond, generating propagating radicals that continue the chain reaction. The compound's mechanism of action is photochemical rather than biological, and it does not interact with specific enzymes, receptors, or other biomolecules in a targeted manner. Its primary utility is in the formulation of UV-curable materials for industrial and biomedical applications.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro activity of Phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide is characterized by its photoinitiation efficiency rather than biological activity. In polymer chemistry assays, BAPO is evaluated for its absorption spectrum, photolysis quantum yield, and initiation efficiency. The compound's activity is assessed by monitoring the conversion of monomers to polymers using techniques such as real-time FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and photorheometry. The compound's photoinitiation efficiency is typically measured by exposing monomer formulations containing BAPO to UV or visible light and measuring the rate of polymerization or the degree of conversion over time. The compound's absorption spectrum is measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy, with absorption maxima typically at 370-390 nm and extending to 450 nm. In biological assays, BAPO may be evaluated for its biocompatibility when used in biomedical applications such as dental materials or tissue engineering scaffolds. The compound's potential cytotoxicity is assessed using cell culture assays, with IC50 values typically in the low micromolar range.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of Phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide is not relevant, as the compound is a photoinitiator used in materials science and is not intended for administration to living organisms. The compound is not developed as a therapeutic agent and does not have pharmacological effects in vivo. Its use in biomedical applications includes the formulation of UV-curable adhesives, sealants, and dental composites, where BAPO is polymerized into the final material and is not present as a free compound. Any residual BAPO that may leach from polymerized materials could cause local tissue irritation, but systemic exposure is minimal. The compound is not tested for in vivo efficacy. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound during formulation and manufacturing.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro photoinitiation and polymerization assays with BAPO, the following protocol is used: BAPO is dissolved in a monomer formulation (e.g., a mixture of acrylates or methacrylates) at a concentration of 0.5-5 wt%. The formulation is degassed by nitrogen purging and applied as a thin film onto a substrate (e.g., glass slide, PET film). The film is exposed to UV or visible light (wavelength 365-450 nm, intensity 10-100 mW/cm²) for 1-60 seconds using a UV lamp or LED light source. The polymerization progress is monitored by real-time FTIR spectroscopy, measuring the disappearance of the acrylate C=C stretching peak at 1635-1620 cm⁻¹ or the methacrylate C=C peak at 1640-1635 cm⁻¹. The conversion percentage is calculated from the decrease in peak area relative to an internal reference (e.g., the carbonyl peak at 1720 cm⁻¹). The curing kinetics can also be analyzed using DSC to determine the enthalpy of polymerization and the activation energy. The mechanical properties of the cured polymer (hardness, modulus, tensile strength) are assessed using appropriate testing methods. The depth of cure is measured by determining the thickness of the polymerized layer.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro biocompatibility assays with BAPO-containing materials, the following typical protocol is used: Human dermal fibroblasts or other cell lines are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and antibiotics at 37°C in 5% CO₂. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates at 5,000-10,000 cells per well and allowed to adhere overnight. Polymer samples prepared using BAPO are extracted in culture medium for 24-72 hours at 37°C. The extract is filtered and applied to cells at various dilutions. Cell viability is assessed using the MTT or CellTiter-Glo assay after 24-72 hours of exposure. For direct contact assays, polymer samples are placed in contact with the cell monolayer, and cell morphology and viability are assessed by phase-contrast microscopy and MTT assay. For assessment of cytotoxicity of BAPO itself, cells are treated with BAPO at concentrations of 0.1-100 μg/mL for 24-48 hours, and cell viability is measured. The compound's potential to induce oxidative stress is assessed using DCFH-DA staining.
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| Additional Infomation |
Phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO) (CAS# 162881-26-7) is a photoinitiator for UV curing with a molecular formula of C26H27O3P and a molecular weight of 418.47 g/mol. It is a white to yellow to green powder with a purity of ≥96%. Future research could focus on developing new photoinitiators with improved efficiency, longer wavelength absorption, and reduced toxicity for biomedical applications, investigating the degradation products and leachables from BAPO-containing materials, and optimizing formulations for specific curing applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C26H27O3P
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| Molecular Weight |
418.46
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| Exact Mass |
418.169
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| CAS # |
162881-26-7
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| PubChem CID |
164512
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
590.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
131-135ºC
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| Flash Point |
310.6±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.589
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| LogP |
5.49
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
610
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)C(=O)P(=O)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(C)C=C3C)C
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| InChi Key |
GUCYFKSBFREPBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H27O3P/c1-16-12-18(3)23(19(4)13-16)25(27)30(29,22-10-8-7-9-11-22)26(28)24-20(5)14-17(2)15-21(24)6/h7-15H,1-6H3
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| Chemical Name |
[phenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphoryl]-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3897 mL | 11.9486 mL | 23.8971 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4779 mL | 2.3897 mL | 4.7794 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2390 mL | 1.1949 mL | 2.3897 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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