| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Phenosafranine does not have a specific biological target. It is a cationic dye that binds to nucleic acids and other cellular components. It has a high binding affinity to triplex RNA compared to duplex RNA, binding through intercalation to both forms. It is used as a fluorescent dye, histological dye, and photosensitizer. Its ability to distinguish living from dead cells is based on its differential uptake by cells with compromised membranes.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Phenosafranine is used for various staining applications. It is used to stain Gram-negative bacteria red to contrast with the blue of Gram-positive bacteria. A 0.1% aqueous solution is taken up by dead or abnormal cells immediately, while living cells remain unstained for at least 30 minutes, allowing for the distinction between living and dead cells. It is also used for staining plant cells and for the determination of hemoglobin, dopamine, and serotonin.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo applications of Phenosafranine are not typical, as it is primarily used in vitro as a histological and fluorescent dye. It is not administered to living organisms for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Its use is confined to laboratory research settings.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A cell-free assay for Phenosafranine is not applicable as it is not an enzyme inhibitor. Its properties as a dye are characterized by spectroscopic methods. Its binding to RNA and DNA can be assessed in cell-free systems by measuring changes in fluorescence or absorbance.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular experiments with Phenosafranine typically involve staining cells for microscopy or flow cytometry. Cells are incubated with the dye, and its uptake and fluorescence are visualized. The dye's ability to distinguish living from dead cells is used in viability assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Phenosafranine are not applicable, as it is a dye used in vitro and ex vivo on cells and tissue sections.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Phenosafranine has a molecular formula of C18H15ClN4 and a molecular weight of 322.79 g/mol. Its CAS number is 81-93-6. The compound has a melting point of >300°C. Specific pharmacokinetic properties are not applicable as it is not a therapeutic drug. For storage, it should be kept in a cool, dry place, protected from light.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Phenosafranine are not provided in the available sources. As a dye, it should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. It is intended for research use only and is not for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Phenosafranine is an organochlorine salt with a counterion of 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazine-5-onium. It is commonly used to stain Gram-negative bacteria red to contrast with the blue of Gram-positive bacteria. It can be used as a fluorescent dye, histological dye, and photosensitizer. Its molecular structure contains 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazine-5-onium.
Phenosafranine (CAS: 81-93-6) is a phenazine dye. Its synonyms include Phenosafranin and Basic Red 2. The compound is used as a histological and fluorescent dye, for staining bacteria, and for distinguishing living from dead cells. It is not a therapeutic drug and is strictly for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H15CLN4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
322.7915
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| Exact Mass |
322.098
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| CAS # |
81-93-6
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| PubChem CID |
65732
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| Appearance |
Green to dark green solid powder
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| Density |
1.1738 (rough estimate)
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| Boiling Point |
478.49°C (rough estimate)
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| Melting Point |
300ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.6110 (estimate)
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| LogP |
0.995
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
355
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
SOUHUMACVWVDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H14N4.ClH/c19-12-6-8-15-17(10-12)22(14-4-2-1-3-5-14)18-11-13(20)7-9-16(18)21-15;/h1-11H,(H3,19,20);1H
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| Chemical Name |
10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2,8-diamine;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~387.25 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0980 mL | 15.4899 mL | 30.9799 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6196 mL | 3.0980 mL | 6.1960 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3098 mL | 1.5490 mL | 3.0980 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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