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| Targets |
Phenaglycodol’s primary pharmacological action involves modulating neuronal excitability, though its exact molecular target is not fully defined. It is classified as a non-carbamate, propanediol-type CNS depressant that produces sedative and anticonvulsant effects through mechanisms distinct from benzodiazepines. The compound is thought to act on central nervous system pathways to reduce anxiety and seizure activity, but specific receptor binding targets have not been conclusively identified in the literature.
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| ln Vitro |
Detailed in vitro activity data for Phenaglycodol are limited in the available literature. As a CNS depressant and anxiolytic agent, its primary pharmacological characterization has been conducted through in vivo behavioral models rather than extensive in vitro cellular assays. The compound’s activity is primarily assessed through its ability to reduce spontaneous motor activity and produce sedation in animal models, reflecting its central nervous system effects rather than direct cytotoxicity or enzyme inhibition.
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| ln Vivo |
Mice exposed to a single intraperitoneal injection of non-glycolic acid (20 mg/kg) exhibit antioxidant properties [1]. On monkeys, (50–100 mg/kg, gavaged once) exhibits antiviral effects [1]. The quantity of meprobamate in the serum and brain can be decreased with a single intraperitoneal injection of non-glycolic acid (130 mg/kg) [2].
Phenaglycodol demonstrates orally bioactive properties and has been evaluated in various animal models for its CNS-depressant effects. In cats, intraperitoneal administration at 20 mg/kg produces a quieting effect. In monkeys, oral gavage at 50–100 mg/kg diminishes aggression or fear responses. In mice, intraperitoneal injection at 55–80 mg/kg reduces spontaneous activity and induces quiet sitting behavior. In female rats at 130 mg/kg, it accelerates the decline of meprobamate concentration in serum and brain. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Specific cell-free enzyme/receptor binding assay protocols for Phenaglycodol are not well-documented in the available literature. As a CNS depressant with an incompletely defined mechanism of action, the compound has been primarily characterized through in vivo pharmacological models rather than detailed biochemical binding assays. For related propanediol-type compounds, radioligand binding displacement assays using brain membrane preparations and CNS receptor panels would be typical approaches to identify potential receptor interactions, though such specific protocols for Phenaglycodol are not reported.
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| Cell Assay |
Specific in vitro cell-based experimental protocols for Phenaglycodol are not extensively documented. The compound's activity has been primarily evaluated through in vivo behavioral and pharmacological models rather than cell-based assays. Given its CNS-depressant properties, typical cell-based studies might include neuronal cell culture models to assess effects on neuronal excitability or neurotransmitter release, though such specific protocols for Phenaglycodol are not detailed in the available literature. The compound is primarily used in research to investigate CNS depressant mechanisms rather than cellular cytotoxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Cat[1]
Doses: 20 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection Experimental Results: The cat became quiet. Animal/Disease Models: Monkey[1] Doses: 50-100 mg/kg Route of Administration: intragastric (po) (po)gavage (ig) Experimental Results: The monkey's aggression or fear was diminished. Animal/Disease Models: Mouse[1] Doses: 55-80 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection Experimental Results: demonstrated diminished spontaneous activity and sitting quietly. Animal/Disease Models: Female rat (SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)), 170g) [2] Doses: 130 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection Experimental Results: Shows the rate of decline of meprobamate concentration in serum and brain of pre-treated rats faster than pretreated rats. in control rats. In vivo animal studies have characterized Phenaglycodol’s CNS-depressant effects across multiple species. In cats, intraperitoneal injection at 20 mg/kg produces quieting behavior. In monkeys, oral administration at 50–100 mg/kg reduces aggression or fear. In mice, intraperitoneal administration at 55–80 mg/kg diminishes spontaneous activity and induces quiet sitting. In female Sprague-Dawley rats (170 g), intraperitoneal injection at 130 mg/kg accelerates the decline of meprobamate concentration in serum and brain compared to controls. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Detailed pharmacokinetic properties of Phenaglycodol are not extensively reported in the available literature. The compound is known to be orally bioactive, indicating good oral absorption. It exhibits central nervous system penetration as evidenced by its ability to produce CNS-depressant effects following systemic administration. The compound has a molecular weight of 214.69 g/mol and a LogP of 2.318, suggesting moderate lipophilicity favorable for blood-brain barrier penetration. Its metabolism appears to involve hepatic pathways, as suggested by studies showing it accelerates the decline of meprobamate concentrations.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Phenaglycodol are limited in the available literature. As a previously marketed pharmaceutical, it underwent standard preclinical and clinical safety evaluations during its development, though specific toxicity profiles are not detailed in the available sources. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for therapeutic or human use. Given its CNS-depressant properties, expected adverse effects would include sedation, drowsiness, and potential impairment of motor function, consistent with other agents in its pharmacological class.
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| References |
[1]. G T JONES, et al. Mode of action of phenaglycodol, a new neurosedative agent. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956 Dec;93(3):528-31.
[2]. R. KATO, et al. Induced Increase o f M eprobam ate M etabolism in R ats T reated w ith P hénobarbital or Phenaglycodol. Pharmacology (1970) 3 (2): 95–100. |
| Additional Infomation |
Phenaglycodol is an alkylbenzene.
Phenaglycodol (INN, BAN) was previously marketed under multiple brand names including Acalmid, Acalo, Alterton, Atadiol, Felixyn, Neotran, Pausital, Remin, Sedapsin, Sinforil, Stesil, and Ultran. It is structurally related to meprobamate but is not a carbamate. The compound is a fully substituted ethylene glycol derivative with the IUPAC name 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutane-2,3-diol. Its clinical application has been largely discontinued, and it is now primarily used in pharmacological research. No clinical trials or approved indications are currently active for this compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H15CLO2
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| Molecular Weight |
214.69
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| Exact Mass |
214.076
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| CAS # |
79-93-6
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| PubChem CID |
6617
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
2.318
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
198
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
ClC1C=CC(C(C(C)(C)O)(C)O)=CC=1
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| InChi Key |
HTYIXCKSEQQCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H15ClO2/c1-10(2,13)11(3,14)8-4-6-9(12)7-5-8/h4-7,13-14H,1-3H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutane-2,3-diol
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| Synonyms |
Atadiol; Acalmid; Phenaglycodol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6579 mL | 23.2894 mL | 46.5788 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9316 mL | 4.6579 mL | 9.3158 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4658 mL | 2.3289 mL | 4.6579 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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