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| Targets |
PD 168368 targets the neuromedin B (NMB) receptor, a member of the bombesin receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors. It is a competitive antagonist with Ki values of 15-45 nM for rat and human NMB receptors. PD 168368 also antagonizes the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) with an IC50 of 3500 nM, demonstrating approximately 40-fold selectivity for NMBR (IC50 = 96 nM) over GRPR.
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| ln Vitro |
With EC50 values in the nanomolar range, PD 168368 (PD168368) is a highly active compound that stimulates the release of [Ca2+]I from human neutrophils [3]. Inhibiting the migration and invasion of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 is PD 168368 (PD168368). In breast cancer cells, PD 168368 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating vimentin. The migration and invasion of breast cancer cells is inhibited by PD 168368 (5 μM) [4]. In breast cancer cells, PD 168368 (10 μM) inhibits the activation of the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 and AKT/GSK-3β pathways [4].
In vitro, PD 168368 competitively antagonizes NMB receptors with Ki values of 15-45 nM for rat and human receptors expressed in various cell lines. It blocks NMB-induced elevation of intracellular calcium and release of inositol phosphate in cells expressing NMB receptors. The compound shows approximately 40-fold selectivity for NMBR over GRPR. |
| ln Vivo |
Effectively preventing breast cancer metastases in vivo is PD 168368 (PD168368). Mice treated intraperitoneally with PD 168368 (1.2 mg/kg for 30 days) are less likely to develop breast cancer [4].
In vivo activity data for PD 168368 are not extensively detailed in the available literature. As a potent NMB receptor antagonist, the compound would be expected to modulate NMB-mediated physiological processes including smooth muscle contraction, secretion, and central nervous system functions. Specific in vivo efficacy data are not reported. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Specific cell-free receptor binding assay protocols for PD 168368 involve competitive radioligand binding assays using membranes expressing recombinant rat or human NMB receptors. Ki values of 15-45 nM are determined by measuring displacement of a radiolabeled NMB receptor ligand. Selectivity is confirmed by testing against GRPR and other bombesin receptor family members.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay [4]
Cell Types: Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 Tested Concentrations: 5 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: The migration ability of MDA-MB-231 cells was Dramatically diminished in the Boyden chamber migration assay. Cell viability assay[4] Cell Types: MDA-MB-231 Cell Tested Concentrations: 10 μM Incubation Duration: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1, AKT phosphorylation levels and GSK-3β in a time-dependent manner. In vitro cell-based assays for PD 168368 use cell lines expressing NMB receptors. Cells are loaded with calcium-sensitive dyes, and NMB-induced intracellular calcium elevation is measured fluorometrically. Inositol phosphate accumulation is measured using radiolabeled myo-inositol. PD 168368's ability to block these responses is assessed to determine antagonist potency. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Female BALB/c-nude mice (8-10 weeks) carrying MDA-MB-231 xenograft model [4]
Doses: 1.2 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection for 30 days Experimental Results: No metastatic tumors were observed Nodules in the lungs of PD 168368-treated mice compared with PEG-injected mice. In vivo animal studies for PD 168368 are not detailed in the available literature. As an NMB receptor antagonist, typical in vivo evaluation would involve animal models to assess effects on smooth muscle contraction, secretion, and central nervous system functions modulated by NMB signaling. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PD 168368 has a molecular formula of C31H34N6O4 and a molecular weight of 554.63 g/mol. The chemical name is (S)-3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-methyl-2-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)ureido)-N-((1-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclohexyl)methyl)propanamide. Purity is typically ≥96%. The compound is soluble in DMSO.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicological data for PD 168368 are not detailed in the available literature. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human therapeutic applications. As an NMB receptor antagonist, potential toxicities may relate to effects on gastrointestinal and central nervous system functions.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Neurodegenerative beta receptor antagonists; structure described in the first article.
PD 168368 (CAS 204066-82-0) is a potent, competitive, and selective NMB receptor antagonist with Ki values of 15-45 nM. It shows approximately 40-fold selectivity for NMBR (IC50 = 96 nM) over GRPR (IC50 = 3500 nM). The compound blocks NMB-induced calcium elevation and inositol phosphate release. No clinical trial data are available. |
| Molecular Formula |
C31H34N6O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
554.65
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| Exact Mass |
554.264
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| CAS # |
204066-82-0
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| PubChem CID |
9937534
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
6.99
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
41
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| Complexity |
913
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C[C@](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)(C(=O)NCC3(CCCCC3)C4=CC=CC=N4)NC(=O)NC5=CC=C(C=C5)[N+](=O)[O-]
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| InChi Key |
AFDXUTWMFMAQJO-PMERELPUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C31H34N6O4/c1-30(19-22-20-33-26-10-4-3-9-25(22)26,36-29(39)35-23-12-14-24(15-13-23)37(40)41)28(38)34-21-31(16-6-2-7-17-31)27-11-5-8-18-32-27/h3-5,8-15,18,20,33H,2,6-7,16-17,19,21H2,1H3,(H,34,38)(H2,35,36,39)/t30-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methyl-2-[(4-nitrophenyl)carbamoylamino]-N-[(1-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)methyl]propanamide
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| Synonyms |
PD-168368; PD168368; PD 168368
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~30 mg/mL (~54.09 mM)
DMF : 10 mg/mL (~18.03 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8029 mL | 9.0147 mL | 18.0294 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3606 mL | 1.8029 mL | 3.6059 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1803 mL | 0.9015 mL | 1.8029 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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