Panthenol does not have a specific biological target. It is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and is converted to pantothenic acid in the body. Pantothenic acid is an essential nutrient that is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), which plays a critical role in various metabolic processes, including fatty acid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy production. Panthenol is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries due to its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. In the skin, Panthenol is absorbed and converted to pantothenic acid, which promotes skin hydration, barrier function, and wound healing. The compound also has anti-inflammatory effects and can soothe irritated skin. In hair care, Panthenol strengthens hair by improving its structure and moisture content.

Panthenol is not evaluated for direct pharmacological activity in conventional cell-based assays. Its effects are assessed by measuring its moisturizing, wound-healing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In vitro, Panthenol has been shown to promote cell proliferation and migration, which contribute to its wound-healing effects. The compound also has anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by its ability to reduce cytokine production and inflammatory markers. Panthenol is commonly used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations for its skin and hair care benefits. The compound's moisturizing properties are assessed by measuring skin hydration and transepidermal water loss.

Panthenol is used in vivo for its moisturizing, wound-healing, and anti-inflammatory effects. In animal models, Panthenol has been shown to promote wound healing and reduce inflammation. The compound is also used in humans as a topical and oral treatment for various skin conditions, including dry skin, dermatitis, and wounds. Panthenol is well-absorbed and converted to pantothenic acid in the body, which is essential for various metabolic processes. The compound's safety and efficacy have been established through extensive use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Panthenol is for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use.

Panthenol does not have established receptor binding or enzyme inhibition assay protocols. Its effects are assessed by measuring its moisturizing, wound-healing, and anti-inflammatory properties. Skin hydration is assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss and skin capacitance. Wound healing is assessed by measuring wound closure rates and histological analysis. Anti-inflammatory effects are assessed by measuring cytokine production and inflammatory markers. Physical properties: molecular weight 205.25 g/mol; molecular formula C9H19NO4; melting point 65.0 to 69.0 °C; solubility: soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, and propylene glycol; slightly soluble in chloroform and ether; insoluble in vegetable oils, mineral oils, and fats.

Cellular effects of Panthenol are evaluated in various cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO₂ and treated with Panthenol at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM for 24-72 hours. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Cell migration is assessed using scratch wound healing assays. Inflammatory markers are assessed by measuring cytokine production by ELISA. Skin hydration markers (e.g., filaggrin, involucrin) are assessed by Western blotting or qRT-PCR. Each experiment includes vehicle controls to validate the assay systems.

In vivo effects of Panthenol are evaluated in animal models of wound healing, dermatitis, and other skin conditions. The compound is applied topically or administered orally at doses determined by preclinical studies. Wound healing is assessed by measuring wound closure rates and histological analysis. Skin hydration is assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss. Inflammation is assessed by measuring inflammatory markers in skin biopsies. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group.

Molecular Weight: 205.25. Formula: C9H19NO4. CAS No.: 16485-10-2. IUPAC Name: 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide. Synonyms: Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B5; DL-Pantothenol. Appearance: White to almost white powder or crystal. Melting Point: 65.0 to 69.0 °C. Purity: Typically >98%. Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, and propylene glycol; slightly soluble in chloroform and ether; insoluble in vegetable oils, mineral oils, and fats. Storage: Typically at room temperature. Panthenol is a water-soluble vitamin widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Panthenol is generally recognized as safe and well-tolerated. It is widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries. The compound is for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use.

Panthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B vitamins and an important component of normal epithelial cell function. Panthenol exists as a racemic mixture, comprising a dextrorotatory form (dextrin) and a levorotatory form (levinrin). Although pantothenic acid is optically active, only the dextrorotatory form ([DB09357]) is biologically active. The active form of panthenol—dextrin—is enzymatically cleaved to produce pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), an important component of coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions crucial for epithelial cell protein metabolism. Due to its good permeability and high local concentration, dextroparatol is used in many topical products, such as ointments and lotions for treating skin diseases, to relieve itching or promote healing. The dermatological effects of topical application of dextroparatol include promoting fibroblast proliferation and accelerating epithelial regeneration during wound healing. In addition, it has local protective and moisturizing effects and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. See also: allantoin; panthenol (ingredient); biotin; panthenol (ingredient); betaine; panthenol (ingredient)... See more...

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Drug Indications
Panthenol (a racemic mixture containing dextropanthenol and levonpanthenol) is not currently found in any FDA-approved products and therefore has no indication. Please refer to [DB09357] for FDA-approved uses of dextropanthenol.

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Mechanism of Action
Panthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B vitamins and an important component of normal epithelial cell function. Dextropanthenol is the active form of panthenol, which is enzymatically cleaved to produce pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), an important component of coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions crucial for epithelial cell protein metabolism. Topical application of dextropanthenol has dermatological effects including promoting fibroblast proliferation and accelerating epithelial regeneration in wound healing. In addition, it has local protective and moisturizing effects and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties.
Panthenol is also known as DL-Panthenol, Provitamin B5, DL-Pantothenol, and 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide. Its IUPAC name is 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide. Panthenol is a water-soluble vitamin that is widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries due to its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Panthenol is absorbed and converted to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) in the body. The compound enhances skin hydration, promotes wound healing, and strengthens hair. No clinical trials have been reported for this compound. Panthenol is for research use only.

C9H19NO4

205.254

205.131

16485-10-2

D-Panthenol;81-13-0

4678

White to off-white solid powder

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

483.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

66-69 °C(lit.)

246.3±28.7 °C

0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C

1.502

-0.92

4

4

6

14

182

0

O([H])C([H])(C(N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O[H])=O)C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])O[H]

SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C9H19NO4/c1-9(2,6-12)7(13)8(14)10-4-3-5-11/h7,11-13H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,10,14)

2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide

Dexpanthenol; Panthenol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~487.21 mM)
DMSO : ≥ 46 mg/mL (~224.12 mM)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)