| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pam3-Cys-OH specifically targets Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the surface of immune cells. Its interaction with TLR2 leads to the activation of downstream signaling pathways that involve the heterodimerization with TLR1 or TLR6. This targeted engagement is critical for triggering the innate immune response, making it a precise molecular tool for studying TLR2-mediated immune mechanisms. Pam3-Cys-OH is recognized as a standard TLR1/2 agonist in immunological assays.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Pam3-Cys-OH potently activates immune cells by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). It is commonly used to stimulate primary immune cells and cell lines like RAW 264.7 macrophages. At concentrations around 4 uM, it can be used to study phagocytosis and gene expression changes. These in vitro studies confirm its role as a potent activator of TLR2-mediated signaling and immune cell function.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Pam3-Cys-OH is used as an effective vaccine adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity of co-administered antigens. It has been successfully conjugated in the synthesis of immunogenic conjugates, such as peptide mitogens and vaccines, to elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses. In animal models, its administration leads to the activation of the immune system, which helps in studying host-pathogen interactions and the development of novel immunotherapies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell-based binding assays, a common method involves using a solid-phase assay where the TLR2-Fc fusion protein is immobilized on a plate. Increasing concentrations of Pam3-Cys-OH are then added to measure binding affinity. Alternatively, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be employed to directly measure the real-time interaction between Pam3-Cys-OH and recombinant human TLR2 protein, providing kinetic parameters such as Kd, Kon, and Koff.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages are seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 3 × 10^6 cells per well and cultured for 24 hours. Cells are then pre-treated with a vehicle control or Pam3-Cys-OH at a concentration of 4 uM for 4 hours at 37degC. Following treatment, cells are used for downstream applications such as phagocytosis assays, cytokine ELISA, or RNA extraction for gene expression analysis by qPCR.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Pam3-Cys-OH is typically administered to mice via subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection, often co-formulated with an antigen of interest. In a standard protocol, mice are immunized twice at a 14-day interval. Blood samples are collected to measure antigen-specific antibody titers by ELISA. Spleens are harvested to assess T-cell responses by ELISpot or flow cytometry to evaluate the adjuvant's ability to enhance both humoral and cellular immunity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Pam3-Cys-OH is limited as it is a research-grade biochemical reagent. As a synthetic lipopeptide, its in vivo behavior is characterized by low solubility in aqueous solutions but good solubility in organic solvents like DMSO (approximately 2 mg/mL). It is likely to have a rapid distribution and metabolism profile. For in vivo formulation, it requires proper vehicle preparation to ensure bioavailability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Acute toxicity data for Pam3-Cys-OH is not available based on standard safety data sheets. It is classified as a research-use-only product. No data is available regarding its potential as a human carcinogen from agencies like IARC. There is also no available data on its reproductive toxicity. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound to avoid exposure.
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: Tripalmitoyl-S-glycerocysteine (note moved to).
Pam3-Cys-OH is a basic research tool and not a clinical drug. Its primary application is as a biochemical reagent for studying TLR2 biology and as a vaccine adjuvant in preclinical models. It is not approved for clinical use or human therapy. This compound is used as a positive control in TLR2 activation experiments and for the synthesis of immunogenic conjugates to explore novel vaccine strategies against infectious diseases. |
| Molecular Formula |
C54H103NO7S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
910.463120000001
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| Exact Mass |
909.746
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| CAS # |
87420-41-5
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| PubChem CID |
135926
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.966g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
907.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
502.8ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.482
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| LogP |
16.578
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
53
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| Heavy Atom Count |
63
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| Complexity |
1030
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
PZFZLRNAOHUQPH-GOOVXGPGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C54H103NO7S/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-51(56)55-50(54(59)60)48-63-47-49(62-53(58)45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)46-61-52(57)44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h49-50H,4-48H2,1-3H3,(H,55,56)(H,59,60)/t49?,50-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-3-[2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propylsulfanyl]-2-(hexadecanoylamino)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~2 mg/mL (~2.20 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0983 mL | 5.4917 mL | 10.9835 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2197 mL | 1.0983 mL | 2.1967 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1098 mL | 0.5492 mL | 1.0983 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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