| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
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| Targets |
Palmitoyl serinol targets multiple pathways. It is a GPR119 agonist (EC50 = 9 uM), increasing cAMP in cells expressing GPR119. It also acts via a CB1-dependent mechanism to stimulate ceramide production. Additionally, it binds to PKCzeta and induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. It is an analog of C-16 ceramide and mimics its biological functions.
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| ln Vitro |
Through a CB1-dependent mechanism, palmitoylserinol (N-palmitoserinol) increases ceramide synthesis in an in vitro skin inflammation model [2].
It stimulates ceramide production through a CB1-dependent mechanism in an in vitro model of skin inflammation. In neuroblastoma cells, it induces apoptosis with an IC50 of approximately 80 uM via binding to PKCzeta. It reduces IL-4-induced decreases in the levels of long-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides in IL-4-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, an effect blocked by the CB1 antagonist AM-251. |
| ln Vivo |
Palmitoyl serinol improves the epidermal permeability barrier in both normal and inflamed skin in vivo models. It is a metabolite of human commensal bacteria and can be used to study skin barrier function and lipid metabolism in animal models. Its ability to influence the endocannabinoid system in vivo makes it relevant for studying skin inflammation and other CB1-mediated processes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For a cell-free binding assay to assess PKCzeta binding, the purified PKCzeta enzyme (0.1-0.5 ug) is incubated with a fluorescently labeled PKC substrate peptide and varying concentrations of Palmitoyl serinol (0-200 uM) in a kinase buffer containing 100 uM ATP and 100 uM CaCl2. The reaction proceeds for 30 minutes at 30degC. The fluorescence intensity (e.g., at 485/535 nm) is measured to determine the level of substrate phosphorylation. The IC50 for PKCzeta binding is calculated from the inhibition curve, and this effect can be blocked by the PKCzeta inhibitor Gö 6983.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, HaCaT keratinocytes are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are pre-treated with Palmitoyl serinol (1-50 uM) for 24 hours, then stimulated with IL-4 (10 ng/mL) to induce inflammation and reduce ceramide levels. After 48 hours, cells are harvested, and total lipids are extracted. Ceramide species are analyzed by LC-MS. For apoptosis assays, F-11 neuroblastoma cells are seeded and treated with Palmitoyl serinol (25-200 uM) for 24-48 hours. Cell viability is measured by MTT, and apoptosis is confirmed by Caspase-3/7 activation and flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
A typical in vivo protocol for skin barrier studies uses hairless mice. Palmitoyl serinol is formulated in a cream or lotion (0.1-1%) and applied topically to the dorsal skin twice daily for 5-7 days. Some groups may be treated with a CB1 antagonist (AM-251) prior to Palmitoyl serinol application. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is measured using a Tewameter to assess barrier function. Skin biopsies are taken at the endpoint for histological analysis (H&E staining) and lipid extraction to measure ceramide levels by LC-MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Palmitoyl serinol (MW: 329.52) is a solid with low water solubility but can be dissolved in DMSO or ethanol for in vitro assays. For in vivo topical applications, it is incorporated into lipid-based creams. It is stable for long-term storage at -20degC. It is a metabolite of human commensal bacteria and plays a role in the entourage effect of endocannabinoid signaling.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Palmitoyl serinol is generally considered safe for topical use in research models. In vitro, it induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells at higher concentrations (IC50 ~80 uM), but this is concentration-dependent. No significant systemic toxicity has been reported in standard animal studies at the doses used for skin barrier research. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed. It is not for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Palmitoyl serine is a fatty amide.
Palmitoyl serinol is also an analog of C-16 ceramide, a key structural component of the skin barrier. It is used in research to study skin barrier function, inflammation, and the endocannabinoid system. It is also known as N-palmitoyl serinol and is an important tool in understanding the role of CB1 receptors in ceramide synthesis and skin health. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H39NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
329.51800
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| Exact Mass |
329.292
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| CAS # |
126127-31-9
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| Related CAS # |
Palmitoyl serinol-d5;946524-35-2
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| PubChem CID |
9862307
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
525.9±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
271.9±27.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.475
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| LogP |
5.68
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
17
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
255
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(NC(CO)CO)=O
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| InChi Key |
MZUNFYMZKTWADX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H39NO3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-19(23)20-18(16-21)17-22/h18,21-22H,2-17H2,1H3,(H,20,23)
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| Chemical Name |
N-(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)hexadecanamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0347 mL | 15.1736 mL | 30.3472 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6069 mL | 3.0347 mL | 6.0694 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3035 mL | 1.5174 mL | 3.0347 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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