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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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Pal-GHK is a form of the extracellular matrix-derived peptide GHK containing palmitic acid, which allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum to the epidermal and dermal skin layers. Pal-GHK increases collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts. It has been used with the zwitterionic surfactant C12 dodecyldimethylamine oxide (C12DMAO) to study self-assembly of the mixture into aggregates, ribbons, and nanobelts. Pal-GHK has also been used as an internal standard for the quantification of pal-KTTKS in anti-wrinkle creams by LC-MS/MS
| ln Vitro |
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 can provide feedback modulation of connective tissue remodeling and proliferating cellular processes [1]. Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 can promote the production of repair proteins in the skin during the skin repair process [1].
Promoted human skin fibroblast proliferation: Pal-GHK at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM increased the proliferation rate of human dermal fibroblasts by ~20%, ~45%, and ~60%, respectively, compared to the control group after 72-hour treatment (MTT assay) [1] - Enhanced collagen synthesis: 0.1 μM Pal-GHK upregulated the secretion of type I collagen by human dermal fibroblasts by ~55% and type III collagen by ~48% (ELISA detection) [1] - Improved skin barrier function: 0.05-0.5 μM Pal-GHK increased the expression of filaggrin and involucrin (skin barrier-related proteins) by ~35-50% in human keratinocytes [1] - Low cytotoxicity: Cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes remained >95% at concentrations up to 10 μM [1] |
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| ln Vivo |
Reduced fine wrinkles around the eyes: Volunteers (30 subjects, 35-55 years old) applied eye cream containing 0.1% Pal-GHK twice daily for 8 weeks. The average depth of crow's feet wrinkles decreased by ~32%, and the number of fine wrinkles reduced by ~28% (measured by skin topography analyzer) [1]
- Improved skin tightness and elasticity: After 8 weeks of use, the skin elasticity (R2 value) around the eyes increased by ~30%, and skin firmness improved by ~25% (cutometer test) [1] - Enhanced skin hydration: The stratum corneum moisture content around the eyes increased by ~40% compared to baseline after 4 weeks of continuous use [1] |
| Cell Assay |
Human dermal fibroblast proliferation assay: Human dermal fibroblasts were seeded in 96-well plates (5×10³ cells/well) and incubated overnight. Serial dilutions of Pal-GHK (0.001-10 μM) were added, and cells were cultured for 72 hours. MTT reagent was added, and the absorbance was measured to calculate the proliferation rate relative to the control group [1]
- Collagen synthesis assay: Human dermal fibroblasts were seeded in 24-well plates and treated with Pal-GHK (0.01-1 μM) for 48 hours. Culture supernatants were collected, and the concentrations of type I and type III collagen were quantified by ELISA [1] - Keratinocyte barrier protein expression assay: Human keratinocytes were seeded in 6-well plates and treated with Pal-GHK (0.05-0.5 μM) for 24 hours. Total protein was extracted, and filaggrin/involucrin expression levels were detected by western blot [1] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No skin irritation: A 0.5% Pal-GHK skin patch test (48-hour closed patch) was performed on 30 volunteers, and the results showed no erythema, edema or itching; the skin irritation score was 0 [1]
- No acute cytotoxicity: At a concentration of up to 10 μM, the cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes was >95% (MTT method) [1] - No sensitization: The maximum sensitization test in guinea pigs showed that Pal-GHK did not cause any allergic reactions at a concentration of up to 1% [1] |
| References |
[1]. Ke Yinghua, et al. Eye cream for smoothing fine wrinkles and tightening skin. Patent. CN110664692A.
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| Additional Infomation |
Pal-GHK is a palmitoylated derivative of tripeptide GHK (Gly-His-Lys), used as an active ingredient in anti-wrinkle and firming eye cream[1]
- Core mechanism of action: 1) Promotes the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and enhances the synthesis of collagen (type I/III), thereby reducing wrinkles; 2) Upregulates the expression of skin barrier-related proteins (filaggrin, capsule proteins), improving skin hydration and firmness; 3) Improves skin microcirculation and accelerates skin repair[1] - Application: Formulated into an eye cream with a concentration of 0.05-0.1% for smoothing fine lines around the eyes and firming loose skin[1] - Advantages: Good skin permeability (enhanced by palmitoylation), low toxicity, and compatible with other cosmetic ingredients (e.g., hyaluronic acid, vitamin C)[1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C38H68N6O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
736.98192
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| Exact Mass |
578.415
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| CAS # |
147732-56-7
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| Related CAS # |
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 hydrochloride;2757690-14-3
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| PubChem CID |
10231864
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
913.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
506.0±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.524
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| LogP |
5.02
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
26
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| Heavy Atom Count |
41
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| Complexity |
738
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(NCC(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN)=O)CC1=CN=CN1)=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
BYUQATUKPXLFLZ-UIOOFZCWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H54N6O5/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-18-27(37)33-22-28(38)35-26(20-24-21-32-23-34-24)29(39)36-25(30(40)41)17-15-16-19-31/h21,23,25-26H,2-20,22,31H2,1H3,(H,32,34)(H,33,37)(H,35,38)(H,36,39)(H,40,41)/t25-,26-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
C16-GHK, C16-GK-3, Pal-GHK, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3569 mL | 6.7844 mL | 13.5689 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2714 mL | 1.3569 mL | 2.7138 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1357 mL | 0.6784 mL | 1.3569 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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