| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
PAC1 receptor (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor).
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In CHO cells expressing the PAC1 receptor, PA-9 (10 pM to 10 nM; 30 minutes) dose-dependently suppresses PACAP-induced (1 nM) CREB phosphorylation [1].
PA-9 is a potent antagonist of the PAC1 receptor with an IC50 of 5.6 nM for inhibiting PACAP-induced cAMP elevation. It is the first small-molecule PAC1 receptor antagonist. The compound blocks PACAP-mediated signaling, which plays a role in pain pathways. |
| ln Vivo |
When co-injected with PACAP, PA-9 (100 pmol) reduces the development of intrathecal PACAP-induced (100 pmol/5 μL) unpleasant reactions in mice [1]. When co-injected with PACAP, PA-9 (100 pmol) effectively prevents the induction of mechanical allodynia (100 pmol) caused by PACAP [1]. In mice, intrathecal injection of PA-9 (100 pmol/5 μl) does not cause mechanical allodynia or elicit unpleasant reactions [1]. The PAC1 receptor's subpocket, which is made up of L80, F81, I83, G91, V92, P107, A112, and C113, is a good fit for PA-9, which precipitates there through hydrophobic interactions [1].
In vivo, PA-9 has been studied for its potential in treating neuropathic and inflammatory pain. As a PAC1 receptor antagonist, it blocks the effects of PACAP, a neuropeptide involved in pain transmission. The compound shows promise in pain research. |
| Enzyme Assay |
PAC1 receptor binding affinity is assessed using in vitro radioligand binding assays with cells expressing the recombinant PAC1 receptor. Antagonist activity is evaluated by measuring the inhibition of PACAP-induced cAMP accumulation in these cells. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity is evaluated in cells expressing the PAC1 receptor. Cells are treated with PA-9 and stimulated with PACAP. The levels of cAMP are measured by ELISA or HTRF-based assays. The compound's ability to inhibit PACAP-induced cAMP elevation is assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male ddY mice (6 weeks old at the beginning of the experiment; intrathecal injection of 100 pmol/5 μL PACAP) [1]
Doses: intrathecal injection, coinjected with PACAP. Route of Administration: 100 pmol/5 μL Experimental Results: Attenuation of the development of PACAP-induced aversive responses. Blocking PACAP-induced mechanical allodynia. In vivo efficacy is studied in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. PA-9 is administered via various routes (e.g., intrathecal, intraperitoneal). Pain responses are assessed using behavioral tests such as von Frey filaments, hot plate, or formalin-induced paw licking. The compound's analgesic effects are evaluated. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PA-9 has a molecular formula of C17H18N6O2 and a molecular weight of 338.36 g/mol. It is a small-molecule PAC1 receptor antagonist. The compound is soluble in DMSO.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicological data for PA-9 are not extensively published. As a PAC1 receptor antagonist, it may have effects on pain pathways and other PACAP-mediated functions. The compound is for research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
PA-9 is a research tool compound for studying the PAC1 receptor and its role in pain. It is not approved for clinical use. The compound is the first small-molecule PAC1 receptor antagonist and has an IC50 of 5.6 nM. It is also known as a PAC1 receptor antagonist.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H18N6O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
338.363822460175
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| Exact Mass |
338.149
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| CAS # |
1436004-46-4
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| PubChem CID |
71709695
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
0.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
515
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1CC(C(NCCC2=CN=CN2)=O)CN1C1C2C=CC=CC=2NN=1
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| InChi Key |
WWPHFXOMYQJGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H18N6O2/c24-15-7-11(17(25)19-6-5-12-8-18-10-20-12)9-23(15)16-13-3-1-2-4-14(13)21-22-16/h1-4,8,10-11H,5-7,9H2,(H,18,20)(H,19,25)(H,21,22)
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| Chemical Name |
N-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide
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| Synonyms |
PA9; PA 9; PA-9
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~738.86 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9554 mL | 14.7772 mL | 29.5543 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5911 mL | 2.9554 mL | 5.9109 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2955 mL | 1.4777 mL | 2.9554 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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