| Size | Price | |
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| 100mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Oxyphenonium Bromide is a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent that acts as an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It binds to muscarinic receptors on isolated guinea pig atria and ileum with Kd values of 0.11 and 0.17 nM, respectively. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the effects of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. By blocking muscarinic receptors, Oxyphenonium Bromide inhibits parasympathetic nerve impulses, leading to reduced gastrointestinal motility, decreased gastric acid secretion, and relaxation of smooth muscle. The compound has peripheral side effects similar to those of atropine. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and to relieve visceral spasms.
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| ln Vitro |
Oxyphenonium Bromide demonstrates potent antagonist activity at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in vitro. It binds to muscarinic receptors on isolated guinea pig atria and ileum with Kd values of 0.11 and 0.17 nM, respectively. The compound's anticholinergic activity is characterized by its ability to inhibit muscarinic receptor-mediated responses. Oxyphenonium Bromide is a quaternary ammonium compound, which limits its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in predominantly peripheral effects. Its peripheral side effects are similar to those of atropine. The compound is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and to relieve visceral spasms.
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| ln Vivo |
Oxyphenonium Bromide has been studied in vivo for its anticholinergic effects. In vivo, oxyphenonium reverses carbaminocholine- and acetylcholine-induced decreases in blood pressure in anesthetized cats with ED50s of 0.591 and 1 μg/kg, respectively. It decreases rumenal ulcer formation in rats and suppresses insulin-induced gastric secretion in dogs with gastric fistulas. Oxyphenonium also prevents form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in a chick model of experimental myopia. Formulations containing oxyphenonium have been used clinically to treat peptic ulcers. The compound is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and to relieve visceral spasms.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Muscarinic receptor binding assays are performed using membranes prepared from tissues expressing muscarinic receptors, such as guinea pig atria and ileum. Radioligand binding studies use [³H]-NMS or [³H]-QNB as labeled ligands. Membrane preparations are incubated with varying concentrations of Oxyphenonium Bromide and a fixed concentration of radioligand in binding buffer for 60-120 minutes at room temperature. Non-specific binding is determined using excess atropine. Bound radioactivity is measured by scintillation counting after filtration through GF/B filters. IC50 and Ki values are calculated by non-linear regression. The Kd values for Oxyphenonium are 0.11 nM (atria) and 0.17 nM (ileum).
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular muscarinic receptor antagonism is evaluated in cell lines expressing muscarinic receptor subtypes (e.g., CHO or HEK-293 cells transfected with M1, M2, M3 receptors). Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO₂ and treated with Oxyphenonium Bromide at various concentrations. Functional assays measure receptor-mediated calcium mobilization (M1, M3) or inhibition of cAMP accumulation (M2). The compound's antagonist activity is assessed by its ability to inhibit agonist-induced responses. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH assays. Each experiment includes known muscarinic antagonists (e.g., atropine) as positive controls and vehicle controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy of Oxyphenonium Bromide is evaluated in animal models. In anesthetized cats, the compound reverses carbaminocholine- and acetylcholine-induced decreases in blood pressure with ED50s of 0.591 and 1 μg/kg, respectively. In rats, it decreases rumenal ulcer formation. In dogs with gastric fistulas, it suppresses insulin-induced gastric secretion. In a chick model of experimental myopia, Oxyphenonium prevents form-deprivation myopia (FDM). Clinical use has included treatment of peptic ulcers and relief of visceral spasms. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular Weight: 428.40 g/mol. Formula: C21H34BrNO3. CAS No.: 50-10-2. IUPAC Name: 2-(2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl)oxyethyl-diethyl-methylazanium bromide. Synonyms: Oxyphenon, Antrenyl bromide, Subranyl, Spasmophen. Appearance: Crystalline solid. Purity: ≥98%. Solubility: DMF: 33 mg/ml; DMSO: 25 mg/ml; Ethanol: 33 mg/ml; PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml. Storage: -20°C. Oxyphenonium Bromide is a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Oxyphenonium Bromide has been evaluated for toxicity. Acute toxicity data: human oral TDLo: 357 μg/kg; rat oral LD50: 995 mg/kg; rat subcutaneous LD50: 786 mg/kg; rat intravenous LD50: 13,200 μg/kg; rat intramuscular LD50: 400 mg/kg; mouse intraperitoneal LD50: 95 mg/kg; mouse subcutaneous LD50: 350 mg/kg; mouse intravenous LD50: 30 mg/kg; rabbit subcutaneous LD50: 100 mg/kg; rabbit intravenous LD50: 30 mg/kg; guinea pig intravenous LDLo: 40 mg/kg. As a muscarinic antagonist, potential adverse effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and tachycardia. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic drug with peripheral side effects similar to atropine. It is used as an adjunct treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers and to relieve visceral spasms. It has also been used as eye drops for mydriasis.
See also: Oxyphenidium (containing the active component). Oxyphenonium Bromide is also known as Oxyphenon, Antrenyl bromide, Subranyl, and Spasmophen. Its IUPAC name is 2-(2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl)oxyethyl-diethyl-methylazanium bromide. Oxyphenonium Bromide is a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent that acts as an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It binds to muscarinic receptors on isolated guinea pig atria and ileum with Kd values of 0.11 and 0.17 nM, respectively. Formulations containing oxyphenonium have been used to treat peptic ulcers. The compound is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and to relieve visceral spasms. No clinical trials have been reported for this compound. Oxyphenonium Bromide is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H34BRNO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
428.41
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| Exact Mass |
427.172
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| CAS # |
50-10-2
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| Related CAS # |
50-10-2 (Br); 14214-84-7;
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| PubChem CID |
5748
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2584 (rough estimate)
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| Melting Point |
189-194° from ethyl acetate + alc
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| Index of Refraction |
1.6200 (estimate)
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| LogP |
0.488
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
409
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
UKLQXHUGTKWPSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H34NO3.BrH/c1-4-22(3,5-2)16-17-25-20(23)21(24,18-12-8-6-9-13-18)19-14-10-7-11-15-19;/h6,8-9,12-13,19,24H,4-5,7,10-11,14-17H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
2-(2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl)oxyethyl-diethyl-methylazanium;bromide
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| Synonyms |
Oxifenon; Spasmophen; 18538
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~291.78 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3342 mL | 11.6711 mL | 23.3421 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4668 mL | 2.3342 mL | 4.6684 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2334 mL | 1.1671 mL | 2.3342 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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