| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Orotidine targets the enzyme orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ODC), which catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine-5'-phosphate to uridine-5'-phosphate (UMP). This is a key step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Orotidine itself is a substrate for ODC. It is also a substrate for orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) in the reverse reaction. The compound is involved in pyrimidine metabolism.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Current de novo biosynthetic pathways synthesize the classical pyrimidine nucleotides in RNA and DNA using orotic acid 50-monophosphate. Here, orotic acid—the fully formed nucleobase—attacks the activated ribosyl diphosphate 5-phosphate instead of heterocyclic purine nucleotides. This makes orotin the only nucleotide produced through a "direct intermolecular nucleosylation" step. On sugars, rings are constructed piece by piece [1].
In vitro, orotidine is used as a substrate in enzyme assays to measure ODC and OPRT activity. It can be added to cell culture media to study pyrimidine metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis. It is also used as a standard in analytical chemistry for the detection and quantification of pyrimidine nucleosides. It may be used to study the effects of pyrimidine metabolism on cell proliferation and differentiation. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, orotidine is present in cells as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. It is not typically administered as a therapeutic agent. However, defects in ODC (such as in hereditary orotic aciduria) lead to accumulation of orotic acid and orotidine, and are treated with uridine supplementation. Orotidine levels can be measured in biological fluids as a marker of pyrimidine metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme assays, orotidine is used as a substrate to measure ODC activity. The enzyme is incubated with orotidine-5'-phosphate (the phosphorylated form) and the production of UMP is measured. OPRT activity can be measured by the formation of orotidine from orotic acid and PRPP. These assays can be performed using spectrophotometric, chromatographic, or radiometric detection methods.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, cells are cultured in media containing orotidine. Nucleotide pools can be analyzed to assess the impact on pyrimidine biosynthesis. Cell proliferation and viability can be assessed using standard assays. Orotidine can be used to study the regulation of pyrimidine metabolism and its role in cellular physiology.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, orotidine is not typically administered. However, animal models of pyrimidine metabolism disorders (such as ODC deficiency) can be studied. Orotidine levels in tissues and biological fluids can be measured as a biomarker of pyrimidine metabolism.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties include solubility in water and DMSO. It is a nucleoside and is transported into cells via nucleoside transporters. It is metabolized to UMP by ODC. Storage is typically at -20°C. It is a solid and should be handled with standard laboratory precautions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for orotidine is limited. As a naturally occurring intermediate, it is generally considered safe. High concentrations may affect pyrimidine metabolism and nucleotide pools, but no significant toxicity has been reported. It is not for human use in research settings.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Orotidine acid glycoside is a nucleoside formed by Orotidine acid linked to a ribose ring via a β-N(1)-glycosidic bond. It is a bacterial, fungal, and plant metabolite. It is a pyrimidine monocarboxylic acid, belonging to the uridine class of compounds, and is also a nucleoside. Orotidine acid glycoside has been reported to exist in grapes (Vitis vinifera), Neurospora crassa, and several other organisms with relevant data.
Orotidine is a naturally occurring nucleoside and an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. It is formed by OPRT and converted to UMP by ODC. It is used as a substrate in enzyme assays and as a standard in analytical chemistry. It plays a key role in pyrimidine metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H12N2O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
288.21100
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| Exact Mass |
288.059
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| CAS # |
314-50-1
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| PubChem CID |
92751
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
200ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.678
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| LogP |
-1.24
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
490
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C1=C(N(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)O
|
| InChi Key |
FKCRAVPPBFWEJD-XVFCMESISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H12N2O8/c13-2-4-6(15)7(16)8(20-4)12-3(9(17)18)1-5(14)11-10(12)19/h1,4,6-8,13,15-16H,2H2,(H,17,18)(H,11,14,19)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-2,6-dioxopyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4697 mL | 17.3485 mL | 34.6969 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6939 mL | 3.4697 mL | 6.9394 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3470 mL | 1.7348 mL | 3.4697 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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