| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ophiobolin B targets calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein that regulates numerous cellular processes. It binds and irreversibly antagonizes calmodulin, disrupting calcium regulation and downstream signaling pathways. The compound also disrupts cellular membranes, induces apoptosis, and modulates calcium homeostasis. Its effects on calmodulin and calcium signaling contribute to its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ophiobolin B is an inhibitor of calmodulin action in calcium regulation. It has an LC50 value of 2 nM and MIC values ranging from 25-50 ug/mL against various zygomycetes. The compound disrupts cellular membranes, induces apoptosis, and modulates calcium homeostasis. Its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities have been characterized in various cell-based and antimicrobial assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of ophiobolin B is inferred from its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. As a fungal phytotoxin, it has effects on plant tissues. Its potential significance in cancer research has been noted. However, detailed in vivo data for ophiobolin B are limited in the available literature. The compound is a research tool for studying calmodulin function and calcium signaling.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro calmodulin binding assay for ophiobolin B involves measuring its interaction with calmodulin. Purified calmodulin is incubated with varying concentrations of ophiobolin B (typically 0.001-100 uM) in buffer containing calcium. Binding is assessed using fluorescence spectroscopy (if the compound is fluorescent), surface plasmon resonance, or by measuring the inhibition of calmodulin-dependent enzyme activity (e.g., calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase). The irreversible nature of the binding can be assessed by dialysis or dilution experiments. The compound's effects on calcium regulation can be measured using calcium-sensitive fluorescent dyes.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for ophiobolin B are conducted using cancer cell lines to assess its cytotoxic and apoptotic activities. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with varying concentrations of ophiobolin B (typically 0.001-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT, CellTiter-Glo, or crystal violet staining assays. Apoptosis is evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, by measuring caspase-3/7 activity, or by detecting PARP cleavage by Western blotting. Calcium levels in cells can be measured using fluorescent calcium indicators (e.g., Fluo-4). Membrane integrity can be assessed using propidium iodide uptake or LDH release assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for ophiobolin B are not extensively documented. As a compound with potential significance in cancer research, typical studies would involve xenograft models in immunodeficient mice bearing human tumor cell lines. The compound would be administered by intraperitoneal or intravenous injection at doses determined from preliminary pharmacokinetic and tolerability studies. Tumor growth inhibition would be assessed, and standard toxicology parameters including body weight and clinical observations would be monitored.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of ophiobolin B are not extensively documented. The compound has a molecular weight of 402.57 and a molecular formula of C25H38O4. As a lipophilic sesterterpenoid, it is expected to have good membrane permeability and extensive tissue distribution. The compound is a natural product isolated from fungal sources. Detailed ADME parameters are not available in the published literature. The compound should be stored under appropriate conditions as recommended by the supplier.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of ophiobolin B has not been extensively characterized. As a calmodulin antagonist and cytotoxic compound, it may have significant toxicity at higher doses. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for human therapeutic use. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound in a laboratory setting. No specific LD50 values have been reported.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
There have been reports of snake venom B being detected in Diplosporium maize, and relevant data are available for reference.
Ophiobolin B (CAS 5601-74-1) is a naturally occurring sesterterpenoid produced by fungi of the genus Bipolaris. It is a metabolite of Helminthosporium oryzae that binds and irreversibly antagonizes calmodulin. The compound has cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities, disrupts cellular membranes, induces apoptosis, and modulates calcium homeostasis. It has potential significance in cancer research and is available for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C29H40N2O11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
592.6347
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| Exact Mass |
402.277
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| CAS # |
5601-74-1
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| PubChem CID |
12303081
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Source |
Originated from microorganisms: Cochliobolus heterostrophus.
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| LogP |
4.391
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
29
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| Complexity |
733
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H](CCC=C(C)C)[C@]1(CC[C@]2([C@H]1C/C=C(\[C@@H]3[C@H](C2)[C@](CC3=O)(C)O)/C=O)C)O
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| InChi Key |
SXRLPRKYTRWOES-PCQMDVLKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H38O4/c1-16(2)7-6-8-17(3)25(29)12-11-23(4)13-19-22(20(27)14-24(19,5)28)18(15-26)9-10-21(23)25/h7,9,15,17,19,21-22,28-29H,6,8,10-14H2,1-5H3/b18-9-/t17-,19-,21+,22+,23+,24+,25-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1R,3S,4R,7S,8E,11R,12S)-4,12-dihydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-12-[(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-6-oxotricyclo[9.3.0.03,7]tetradec-8-ene-8-carbaldehyde
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~50 mg/mL (~124.2 mM; with ultrasonication)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6874 mL | 8.4370 mL | 16.8739 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3375 mL | 1.6874 mL | 3.3748 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1687 mL | 0.8437 mL | 1.6874 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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