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Norfenefrine

Alias: Norfenefrine; Norphenylephrine; 3-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol; 536-21-0; m-Octopamine;
Norfenefrine is an orally bioactive endogenous α-adrenergic (α-adrenergic) agonist that may be utilized to study stress urinary incontinence in women.
Norfenefrine
Norfenefrine Chemical Structure CAS No.: 536-21-0
Product category: New1
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Other Forms of Norfenefrine:

  • Norfenefrine hydrochloride
Official Supplier of:
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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
Product Description
Norfenefrine is an orally bioactive endogenous α-adrenergic (α-adrenergic) agonist that may be utilized to study stress urinary incontinence in women.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vivo
In the respiratory tract of mice, norfenefrine (1.25–5.00 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; once) promotes mucus secretion [1].
Animal Protocol
Animal/Disease Models: Male NMRI mice [1]
Doses: 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mg/kg
Route of Administration: subcutaneous injection, one time
Experimental Results:Stimulation of phenol red secretion in the trachea.
References

[1]. Tracheal phenol red secretion, a new method for screening mucosecretolytic compounds. J Pharmacol Methods. 1984 Jun;11(3):151-7.

[2]. Acute effect of norfenefrine on the urethral pressure profile in females with genuine stress incontinence. Urol Int. 1991;46(2):176-9.

Additional Infomation
Norfenefrine belongs to the class of phenolic compounds.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C8H11NO2
Molecular Weight
153.17844
Exact Mass
153.078
CAS #
536-21-0
Related CAS #
Norfenefrine hydrochloride;4779-94-6
PubChem CID
4538
Appearance
White to off-white solid
Density
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point
360.7±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point
172.0±23.7 °C
Vapour Pressure
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction
1.614
LogP
-0.28
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Heavy Atom Count
11
Complexity
119
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
SMILES
C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C(CN)O
InChi Key
LRCXRAABFLIVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-2-1-3-7(10)4-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2
Chemical Name
3-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
Synonyms
Norfenefrine; Norphenylephrine; 3-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol; 536-21-0; m-Octopamine;
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300:Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.5283 mL 32.6413 mL 65.2827 mL
5 mM 1.3057 mL 6.5283 mL 13.0565 mL
10 mM 0.6528 mL 3.2641 mL 6.5283 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
  • Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
  • Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume
An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration: mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
# Norfenefrine (m-octopamine, selective α₁-adrenoceptor agonist, sympathomimetic vasopressor/oral hypotension treatment)
Single oral ascending dose first-in-human Phase 1 safety, hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of Norfenefrine hydrochloride in healthy normotensive volunteers
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 1 SAD
Status: Completed
Date: 1962
Phase 1 crossover PK substudy evaluating food intake, age and mild renal impairment effects on systemic plasma Norfenefrine exposure
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 1 PK Substudy
Status: Completed
Date: 1963
Phase 1 cardiovascular PD substudy measuring dose-dependent systolic blood pressure elevation, peripheral vasoconstriction and reflex bradycardia markers in resting subjects
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 1 Hemodynamic PD Substudy
Status: Completed
Date: 1963
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 2 dose-ranging trial of oral Norfenefrine for orthostatic hypotension in adults with autonomic dysfunction
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 2
Status: Completed
Date: 1964
Multicenter double-blind active-controlled Phase 3 comparative trial: Norfenefrine vs Etilefrine for chronic orthostatic hypotension, assessing standing blood pressure stability and tolerability
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 3 Comparative
Status: Completed
Date: 1965
Open-label long-term Phase 3 extension safety study of chronic daily Norfenefrine maintenance therapy, monitoring supine hypertension, headache and urinary retention adverse events
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 3 Extension
Status: Completed
Date: 1966
Phase 3 pediatric exploratory pilot trial of low-dose oral Norfenefrine suspension for childhood postural hypotension associated with fatigue syndrome
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 3 Pediatric Pilot
Status: Completed
Date: 1968
Post-marketing Phase 4 observational safety study across primary care patients with chronic orthostatic hypotension receiving long-term Norfenefrine treatment
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Phase 4 Post-Marketing Surveillance
Status: Completed
Date: 1972
Preclinical in vitro radioligand binding assay profiling Norfenefrine preferential α₁ over α₂/β adrenoceptor affinity vs norepinephrine, phenylephrine
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Preclinical Biochemical Receptor Profiling
Status: Completed
Date: 1960
Ex vivo rat thoracic aorta organ bath vasoconstriction assay measuring Norfenefrine α₁-mediated vascular smooth muscle contraction potency
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Preclinical Vascular Pharmacology
Status: Completed
Date: 1961
In vivo anesthetized rat acute cardiovascular preclinical trial quantifying dose-dependent blood pressure increase and peripheral resistance elevation after intravenous/oral administration
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Preclinical Acute Hemodynamic Efficacy
Status: Completed
Date: 1961
28-day repeat oral dose toxicology preclinical trial of Norfenefrine in rats and rabbits assessing cardiac, renal and central nervous system safety endpoints
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Preclinical Toxicology
Status: Completed
Date: 1962
Radiolabeled [¹⁴C]-Norfenefrine whole-body ADME biodistribution preclinical study identifying rapid hepatic sulfation and urinary excretion as primary clearance pathway
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Preclinical ADME Metabolism
Status: Completed
Date: 1963
Modern comparative pharmacology follow-up study benchmarking Norfenefrine against other oral sympathomimetic vasopressors for orthostatic hypotension indication selectivity and cardiovascular risk profile
CTID: Not Applicable
Phase: Preclinical Mechanism Comparative Research
Status: Completed
Date: 2019
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