| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Nisin is a Type A (I) lanthbiotic antimicrobial peptide. Its primary mode of action involves binding with high affinity to lipid II, a precursor molecule in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. This binding inhibits cell wall synthesis and facilitates pore formation in the bacterial membrane, leading to cell death. [1]
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| ln Vitro |
Nisin is a type A (I) wild-type antibiotic that is made from mRNA. Because of post-translational modifications, the translated peptide contains a number of peculiar toxins. Certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Lactococcus and Streptococcus species, produce the antimicrobial peptide nisin [1].
Nisin exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Clostridium difficile. [1] It also shows activity against Gram-negative oral pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola. [1] Nisin possesses anti-biofilm properties, inhibiting the formation of biofilms by pathogens such as MRSA on medical devices and multi-species biofilms derived from human saliva. [1] Nisin exhibits anti-cancer activity. It induces apoptosis, causes cell cycle arrest, and reduces proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. It also inhibits cancer orasphere formation and angiogenesis in vitro. [1] Nisin shows antifungal activity against Candida albicans, inhibiting its growth and transition from blastospore to hyphal form. [1] Nisin can work synergistically with conventional antibiotics (e.g., vancomycin, ciprofloxacin), the intracanal irrigant MTAD, and other agents like lysozyme and lactoferrin to enhance antimicrobial effects. [1] High-purity Nisin Z did not show cytotoxicity to human oral cells at antimicrobial concentrations. [1] |
| ln Vivo |
In a mouse excisional skin infection model, a wound dressing containing nisin significantly reduced S. aureus colonization and accelerated wound healing. [1]
In immunocompromised rats, Nisin F safely inhibited the growth of S. aureus in the respiratory tract. [1] In mouse models, Nisin A reduced HNSCC tumorigenesis and prolonged survival. [1] In a mouse infection model, a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain reduced intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). [1] Intramammary administration of Nisin Z was effective in treating mastitis in lactating dairy cows. [1] Topical Nisin A treatment alleviated clinical signs of mastitis and reduced staphylococcal count in human breast milk. [1] |
| Cell Assay |
For evaluating anti-biofilm activity against saliva-derived multi-species biofilms, a Bioflux controlled flow microfluidic model system was used. Saliva containing microbial cells was introduced and fed with filter-sterilized, cell-free saliva for 20-22 hours at 37°C with or without nisin. Biofilms were stained with viability dyes (Syto 9 for live cells, propidium iodide for dead/damaged cells) and visualized using confocal microscopy. [1]
To assess anti-cancer effects on cancer stem-like cells, HNSCC cells were cultured under suspension conditions to form oraspheres. Cells were treated with control media or media containing Nisin Z (100 to 800 µg/ml) for 36 hours, and phase-contrast images were taken to evaluate orasphere formation inhibition. [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
For the murine excisional skin infection model, an electrospun nanofiber wound dressing containing nisin was applied to the wound. The dressing allowed for diffusion of active nisin onto the wound site. S. aureus colonization was analyzed by bioluminescence, and wound healing was assessed. [1]
For the respiratory tract infection model in immunocompromised rats, Nisin F was administered intranasally to control S. aureus infection. [1] For anti-tumor studies in mice, Nisin A was administered to evaluate its effect on HNSCC tumorigenesis and survival. [1] For gastrointestinal colonization studies, mice were infected with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Some mice received a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain to modulate intestinal microbiota and reduce VRE colonization. [1] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
One study cited in the review reported that nisin is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and showed no selective activity against all gut microbiota when tested in vitro against Clostridium difficile. [1] Another cited study showed that low concentrations of nisin in blood and tissue were sufficient to prevent death in mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. [1]
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The US FDA has designated nisin as a “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS) substance in food. [1]
The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOEL) for nisin in humans is 83.25 mg/kg. [1] Nisin exhibits low cytotoxicity at antibacterial concentrations. High-purity nisin Z is non-cytotoxic to human oral cells. [1] An in vitro study using intestinal epithelial cells showed that nisin does not disrupt the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, suggesting its potential applicability in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections. [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Nisaprine has been reported in Lactococcus lactis, and there is relevant data. Nisaprine is a 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food preservative for canned fruits, vegetables and cheeses. Nisin is a bacteriocin, a bacterial antimicrobial peptide originally produced by Lactococcus and Streptococcus. [1] It was first discovered in 1928, approved as a food additive by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization in 1969, and received GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1988, which allows it to be used in cheese processing. [1] In addition to being used as a food preservative, Nisin is also being investigated for various biomedical applications, including the treatment of infectious diseases, oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease) and cancer (especially squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck). [1]
Nixin may have immunomodulatory effects, similar to host defense peptides, such as activating neutrophils and regulating cytokine production. [1] Nixin has a variety of natural variants (e.g., nixin A, Z, F, Q, U, H, P) and bioengineered variants (e.g., hinge region modifications such as N20K, M21K, S29A), some of which are designed to enhance activity, stability, or specificity. [1] Mechanisms of nixin resistance include cell wall thickening, altered membrane composition, production of nixin-degrading enzymes (nixinases), and production of nixin resistance proteins (NSRs) that hydrolyze nixin. However, significant resistance is currently rare in clinical practice. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C143H230N42O37S7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
3354.07
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| Exact Mass |
3351.55
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| CAS # |
1414-45-5
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| PubChem CID |
16129667
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light brown solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
2967℃
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| Flash Point |
>110°(230°F)
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| LogP |
3.421
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
41
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
50
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
67
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| Heavy Atom Count |
229
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| Complexity |
7840
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CSCC(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)/C(=C/C)/NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)N)C(=O)NC2C(SCC(NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3CCCN3C2=O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC4C(SCC(NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CNC4=O)C)CC(C)C)CCSC)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CCSC)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC5C(SCC6C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CSC(C(C(=O)N6)NC(=O)C(NC5=O)C)C)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(CC7=CN=CN7)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O)CC8=CN=CN8)C)C)C)CC(C)C
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| InChi Key |
NVNLLIYOARQCIX-GSJOZIGCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C143H230N42O37S7/c1-24-69(11)105(148)135(213)162-82(27-4)118(196)174-94-58-225-59-95(175-123(201)89(48-67(7)8)169-115(193)74(16)158-138(216)107(70(12)25-2)180-132(94)210)133(211)184-112-79(21)229-61-96(160-104(190)56-152-134(212)100-38-34-44-185(100)142(112)220)128(206)164-84(36-29-32-42-145)120(198)182-109-76(18)226-60-97(161-103(189)55-151-117(195)85(39-45-223-22)165-122(200)88(47-66(5)6)168-113(191)72(14)156-102(188)54-153-136(109)214)129(207)171-92(51-101(147)187)125(203)166-86(40-46-224-23)119(197)163-83(35-28-31-41-144)121(199)183-110-77(19)228-63-99-130(208)170-90(49-80-52-149-64-154-80)124(202)176-98(62-227-78(20)111(141(219)177-99)181-116(194)75(17)159-140(110)218)131(209)173-93(57-186)127(205)179-108(71(13)26-3)139(217)172-91(50-81-53-150-65-155-81)126(204)178-106(68(9)10)137(215)157-73(15)114(192)167-87(143(221)222)37-30-33-43-146/h27,52-53,64-72,75-79,83-100,105-112,186H,15-16,24-26,28-51,54-63,144-146,148H2,1-14,17-23H3,(H2,147,187)(H,149,154)(H,150,155)(H,151,195)(H,152,212)(H,153,214)(H,156,188)(H,157,215)(H,158,216)(H,159,218)(H,160,190)(H,161,189)(H,162,213)(H,163,197)(H,164,206)(H,165,200)(H,166,203)(H,167,192)(H,168,191)(H,169,193)(H,170,208)(H,171,207)(H,172,217)(H,173,209)(H,174,196)(H,175,201)(H,176,202)(H,177,219)(H,178,204)(H,179,205)(H,180,210)(H,181,194)(H,182,198)(H,183,199)(H,184,211)(H,221,222)/b82-27-
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| Chemical Name |
6-amino-2-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[7-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[4-amino-2-[[21-[[6-amino-2-[[3-[[15-[[(Z)-2-[(2-amino-3-methylpentanoyl)amino]but-2-enoyl]amino]-12-butan-2-yl-9-methylidene-6-(2-methylpropyl)-5,8,11,14-tetraoxo-1-thia-4,7,10,13-tetrazacyclohexadecane-3-carbonyl]amino]-4-methyl-2,9,12-trioxo-5-thia-1,8,11-triazabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadecane-7-carbonyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-15,22-dimethyl-12-(2-methylpropyl)-9-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-5,8,11,14,17,20-hexaoxo-1-thia-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexazacyclodocosane-3-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-14-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-4,8,20-trimethyl-3,6,12,15,21-pentaoxo-9,19-dithia-2,5,13,16,22-pentazabicyclo[9.9.2]docosane-17-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]prop-2-enoylamino]hexanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~6.67 mg/mL (~1.99 mM)
DMSO : ~1 mg/mL (~0.30 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.2981 mL | 1.4907 mL | 2.9815 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0596 mL | 0.2981 mL | 0.5963 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0298 mL | 0.1491 mL | 0.2981 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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