| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Neobaicalein targets multiple cellular pathways. It regulates osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function, indicating effects on bone metabolism. The compound exerts potent antimicrobial activity against M. aurum and M. bovis BCG. Its antitumor activity is mediated through the synergistic enhancement of TGF-β1-induced autophagy, leading to cell death in tumor cells. Neobaicalein also reduces the activity of MAPKs, Src, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) to inhibit osteoclastogenesis.
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| ln Vitro |
Due to their recognized redox sensitivity, Scutellaria baicalensis flavonoid II suppresses osteoclastogenesis via decreasing the activation of MAPK, Src, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). By scavenging ROS or activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Scutellaria baicalensis flavonoid II lowers ROS. Its effects can be partially countered by either Nrf2 deficiency or concurrent hydrogen peroxide treatment [2].
In vitro, Neobaicalein has potent antitumor activity and synergistically enhances TGF-β1-induced autophagy, inducing cell death in tumor cells. It exerts potent antimicrobial activity against M. aurum and M. bovis BCG. The compound shows anti-inflammatory activity and regulates osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function. Neobaicalein has high antioxidant activity without any obvious toxicity. It reduces the activity of MAPKs, Src, and CREB to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. These diverse activities confirm its multi-target pharmacological potential. |
| ln Vivo |
Skullcapflavone II is a possible bradykinin antagonist that, through inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, at least partially, lessens the main pathophysiology aspects of allergic asthma [3].
Specific in vivo data for Neobaicalein are limited in the available literature. Given its potent in vitro activities, the compound has potential for in vivo studies in models of cancer, inflammation, bone diseases, and microbial infections. Its ability to regulate osteoclast differentiation suggests potential for studying osteoporosis and other bone disorders. The compound's high antioxidant activity without obvious toxicity is promising for in vivo applications. However, specific published in vivo protocols for this compound are not detailed. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The antimicrobial activity of Neobaicalein is assessed using broth microdilution assays following CLSI guidelines. M. aurum and M. bovis BCG are cultured in appropriate media and treated with serial dilutions of the compound. The MIC is defined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth after incubation. For antitumor activity, cancer cell lines are treated with Neobaicalein and assessed for cell viability using MTT or similar assays. Autophagy is assessed by Western blot for LC3-II and p62, and by fluorescence microscopy for autophagosome formation.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, cancer cell lines (e.g., osteosarcoma, lung cancer) and osteoclast precursor cells are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with Neobaicalein at various concentrations (e.g., 0.1-50 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry. Osteoclast differentiation is assessed by TRAP staining in RANKL-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells. Protein expression of MAPKs, Src, and CREB is analyzed by Western blot. Autophagy markers are assessed by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Neobaicalein would be conducted in appropriate animal models. For osteoporosis research, ovariectomized mouse models would be used, with administration of Neobaicalein via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection, and assessment of bone mineral density and osteoclast numbers. For antitumor studies, xenograft models would be employed. For antimicrobial studies, infection models using M. aurum or M. bovis BCG would be used. However, specific published protocols for this compound are not available.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Neobaicalein are not extensively reported. The compound has a molecular weight of 374.34 g/mol. As a flavonoid with multiple methoxy groups, the compound is expected to have moderate lipophilicity. Pharmacokinetic studies would be required to determine parameters such as half-life, Cmax, oral bioavailability, and tissue distribution in animal models. The compound is typically stored as a powder at -20°C and protected from light.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Neobaicalein has high antioxidant activity without any obvious toxicity. This suggests a favorable safety profile for a research compound. As a natural product from Scutellaria baicalensis, which has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine, the compound is generally considered to have a moderate safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and genotoxicity assessments have not been reported. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions in laboratory settings.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Scullcapflavone II is a tetramethoxyflavonoid with a flavonoid structure, substituted with methoxy groups at the 6, 7, 8, and 6' positions and hydroxyl groups at the 5 and 2' positions. It is a plant metabolite, an anti-asthmatic drug, and an EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor. It is a tetramethoxyflavonoid and a dihydroxyflavonoid, functionally related to flavonoids. Scutellaria baicalensis flavonoid II has been reported in Lagochilus leiacanthus, Scutellaria alpina, and several other organisms with relevant data.
Neobaicalein (Skullcapflavone II) is a tetramethoxyflavone from Scutellaria baicalensis with potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. It regulates osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function and enhances TGF-β1-induced autophagy. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals exist. For research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H18O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
374.34142
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| Exact Mass |
374.1
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| CAS # |
55084-08-7
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| PubChem CID |
124211
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
636.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
230.9±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.613
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| LogP |
1.58
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
564
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
GMQFOKBGMKVUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H18O8/c1-23-11-7-5-6-9(20)13(11)12-8-10(21)14-15(22)17(24-2)19(26-4)18(25-3)16(14)27-12/h5-8,20,22H,1-4H3
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| Chemical Name |
5-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-6,7,8-trimethoxychromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6714 mL | 13.3568 mL | 26.7137 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5343 mL | 2.6714 mL | 5.3427 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2671 mL | 1.3357 mL | 2.6714 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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